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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
What are VLAN, NAT and private IP's in computer networks?
In modern computer networking, three fundamental concepts work together to create efficient and secure networks: Virtual LANs (VLANs), Network Address Translation (NAT), and private IP addresses. These technologies enable network segmentation, address conservation, and enhanced security in both enterprise and home networks. Virtual LAN (VLAN) A VLAN is a logical grouping of network devices that belong to the same broadcast domain, regardless of their physical location. VLANs allow network administrators to segment a physical network into multiple isolated broadcast domains using switches. Instead of having all devices on a single flat network where every device can see ...
Read MoreJumbo Frames in Computer Network
In computer networks, jumbo frames are Ethernet frames with a payload size greater than the standard 1500 bytes Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) defined by the IEEE 802.3 standard. These larger frames can carry up to 9000 bytes of data, significantly increasing the amount of information transmitted in a single frame. Jumbo frames are primarily used in high-performance network environments where maximizing data throughput and reducing processing overhead are critical requirements. Standard Frame vs Jumbo Frame Comparison Standard Ethernet Frame MTU: 1500 bytes ...
Read MoreDifference between LAN and VLAN
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a physical network that connects devices within a limited geographical area, while a Virtual LAN (VLAN) is a logical network that groups devices across potentially multiple physical networks. VLANs enhance network performance, security, and management by creating broadcast domains independent of physical location. Understanding the distinction between these two networking concepts is essential for network design and administration. What is LAN? A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that spans a limited geographical area, typically within a single building or campus. It connects computers, servers, printers, and other networked devices ...
Read MoreReal-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a network protocol designed for delivering audio and video over IP networks with minimal delay. It provides end-to-end transport functions specifically tailored for real-time multimedia applications like voice calls, video conferencing, and live streaming. RTP works in conjunction with the Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP), which monitors transmission quality and provides feedback. While RTP handles the actual media delivery, RTCP manages control information and quality metrics. RTP Protocol Stack Application Layer (VoIP, Video Conferencing) RTP (Media) ...
Read MoreDirected Acyclic Graph (DAG)
In computer science and mathematics, a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) refers to a directed graph which has no directed cycles. This fundamental data structure plays a crucial role in various computational applications where hierarchical relationships and dependencies must be maintained without circular references. How It Works In graph theory, a graph refers to a set of vertices which are connected by lines called edges. In a directed graph or digraph, each edge is associated with a direction from a start vertex to an end vertex. If we traverse along the direction of the edges and we find that ...
Read MoreLongest Job First (LJF) CPU Scheduling Algorithm
Longest Job First (LJF) is a CPU scheduling algorithm that prioritizes processes based on their burst time. In LJF, the processes with the largest burst time are given priority over the shorter ones. This algorithm works on a non-preemptive basis, meaning once a process is started, it will continue to run until it completes, and no other process can preempt it. To implement the LJF algorithm, processes are sorted in the ready queue based on their burst times in descending order. The process with the largest burst time among all the processes that have arrived until that time is ...
Read MoreWhat are security features of the 4G cellular network?
4G cellular network is the fourth generation of cellular communications technology, offering significant improvements in speed, cost efficiency, and security over previous generations. Understanding its security features is crucial as 4G networks handle massive amounts of sensitive data daily. Key Features of 4G 4G technology introduces several enhancements over 3G networks: 10x faster speeds − Data rates up to 150 Mbps compared to 3G's maximum of 21 Mbps Lower cost per bit − More efficient data transmission reduces operational costs Enhanced security − Multiple layers of protection safeguard user data and ...
Read MoreExplicitly assigning port number to client in Socket
When building client-server applications using sockets, it's essential to assign a unique port number to each client to ensure proper communication between server and clients. By explicitly assigning a port number to each client, the server can identify and communicate with individual clients without confusion or overlap. In this article, we'll explore the importance of assigning port numbers to clients and how to do so effectively. What is a Port Number? In the context of networking, a port number is a 16-bit unsigned integer that uniquely identifies a specific process to which a network packet is directed. When ...
Read More10-Gigabit Ethernet
In computer networks, 10-Gigabit Ethernet is the family of Ethernet technologies that achieve maximum rates up to 10 gigabits per second (10 Gbps). It is also known as 10GE, 10GbE, or 10 GigE. It is defined by the IEEE 802.3ae-2002 standard. 10GE is ten times faster than Gigabit Ethernet and supports only full-duplex communication. Multimode fiber having 850 nm wavelength is used for medium distances, while single-mode fiber having 1310 nm or 1550 nm wavelengths is used for long distances. 10-Gigabit Ethernet Physical Media Types Copper ...
Read MoreReal-Time Communications (RTC)
Real-Time Communications (RTC) refers to the ability to communicate and exchange information instantaneously over the internet. RTC encompasses technologies and protocols that enable synchronous communication of audio, video, and data between devices without noticeable delay. RTC technologies power voice and video calls, video conferencing, instant messaging, and live streaming applications. These systems rely on specialized protocols like Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to establish and maintain communication sessions between devices. Real-Time Communications Flow Sender Audio/Video Receiver ...
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