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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
What are network troubleshooting tools?
Network troubleshooting tools are essential utilities used to identify, diagnose, and resolve network connectivity issues, performance problems, and security vulnerabilities. These tools help network administrators maintain optimal network performance and quickly resolve issues when they arise. Network troubleshooting tools are classified into two main categories: hardware tools and software tools, each serving specific diagnostic purposes. Hardware Tools Hardware tools provide physical testing capabilities for network infrastructure components and are essential for diagnosing cable and connectivity issues. Cable Tester A cable tester, also known as a media tester, verifies the integrity of network cables. It checks ...
Read MoreRetrospective on Ethernet
Ethernet is a set of technologies and protocols that are used primarily in LANs. It was first standardized in the 1980s as the IEEE 802.3 standard and has evolved continuously ever since. Few networking technologies have demonstrated such remarkable consistency and longevity in their usability and adoption. Since its inception, Ethernet has undergone significant transformations while maintaining backward compatibility, making it the dominant LAN technology worldwide. Its evolution reflects the growing demands for higher bandwidth and improved network performance. Advantages of Ethernet Simple and reliable − Ethernet uses straightforward protocols and proven technology that works ...
Read MoreH.323 and Associated Protocols
H.323 is a comprehensive suite of standards for real-time multimedia communication over IP networks, developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in the late 1990s. It enables voice, video, and data communication across packet-switched networks like the Internet. H.323 provides a framework for interoperability between different multimedia communication systems and has been widely adopted for applications such as Voice over IP (VoIP), video conferencing, and multimedia streaming services. Core H.323 Protocols The H.323 suite comprises several interconnected protocols, each serving specific functions: H.225 − Handles call signaling and establishment. Uses the Remote Procedure Call ...
Read MoreCan Two IP Addresses Be Same
No, two IP addresses cannot be the same within a single network as each IP address serves as a unique identifier for a device. In IPv4, an IP address is a 32-bit binary number typically represented in dotted-decimal notation. In IPv6, an IP address is a 128-bit binary number represented in hexadecimal notation. IP Address Structure An IP address is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. IP addresses serve two main functions: host identification and location addressing. There are two versions of IP addresses ...
Read MoreWhat are the basic building blocks of IPSec VPN tunnelling?
The basic building blocks of IPSec VPN tunneling work together to create secure network connections over the internet. IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) provides authentication, integrity, and confidentiality for data transmission through several key components. IPSec VPN Building Blocks Authentication Header (AH) Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Diffie-Hellman Key ...
Read MoreWhat is cumulative acknowledgement?
In data communications, when a receiver receives a message, it sends an acknowledgement back to the sender to notify it about correct receipt of the message. Cumulative acknowledgement is a process in which the receiver sends a single acknowledgement in response to a finite number of frames received. Through this, the receiver acknowledges that it has correctly received all previous frames or packets. When the sender receives an acknowledgement for frame n, it understands correct delivery of frames n − 1, n − 2 and so on. Cumulative acknowledgement is used along with sliding window protocols. It reduces the ...
Read MoreDifference between WiFi and LiFi
WiFi and LiFi are two wireless communication technologies that enable data transmission without physical cables. WiFi uses radio frequency signals through routers, while LiFi utilizes light signals through LED bulbs to transfer data. Both technologies serve the purpose of wireless connectivity but operate on fundamentally different principles and offer distinct advantages and limitations. WiFi vs LiFi Technology Comparison WiFi Technology Router ...
Read MoreFast Recovery Technique For Loss Recovery in TCP
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a widely used protocol for data transmission over the internet. However, data transmission over TCP is not always error-free. Transmission can be disrupted due to several reasons such as network congestion, packet loss, or failure of intermediate devices. In such cases, TCP uses a loss recovery technique to recover lost data and retransmit it. This technique is crucial in ensuring reliability of data transmission over the internet. Understanding TCP Loss Recovery TCP uses a three-way handshake mechanism to establish a connection between two devices. Once the connection is established, data transmission begins. TCP ...
Read MoreWhat is Carrier Ethernet?
Carrier Ethernet is an application of Ethernet technology that allows network service providers to offer Ethernet-based services to enterprise customers over wide area networks. It extends the familiar Ethernet technology beyond traditional LANs to enable Internet access and communication among business, academic, private, and government organizations across metropolitan and wide area networks. The services and standards of Carrier Ethernet have been defined by the Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF). MEF has developed certification programs and promotes the global adoption of Carrier Ethernet technology through standardization and interoperability testing. Carrier Ethernet versus Traditional Ethernet The primary attributes that differentiate ...
Read MoreDifference between WiFi and BlueTooth
Both WiFi and Bluetooth are wireless technologies that are widely used to send and receive data wirelessly using radio signals. WiFi is designed for high-speed Internet access that connects nearby devices with each other and shares Internet connectivity via hotspots, whereas Bluetooth is optimized for connecting devices in short range with minimal power consumption. This article explores the key features of WiFi and Bluetooth technologies and examines their fundamental differences in terms of range, speed, power consumption, and use cases. What is WiFi? WiFi stands for Wireless Fidelity. It defines any network based on the 802.11 standards ...
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