Introduction Benjamin Franklin during his experiments found that metals can conduct electricity through the lightning experiment. The concept of electrical potential was discovered by Alessandro Volta. The measure of the ability of metals to conduct electricity was put forward by the scientist Georg Simon Ohm. The development in the field ... Read More

Introduction Copper (II) chloride is a compound with a chemical formula called $\mathrm{CuCl_{2}}$. It is one of the compounds found in rare minerals like eriochalcite and tolbachite in its dehydrated or anhydrous form. It is also often found in fumaroles. The two forms of anhydrous (dry powder) or dehydrate (moisten) ... Read More

Introduction The no. of protons presents in the nucleus of every element's atom, denoted by the letter Z, is the element's atomic number. Using only an atom's atomic number, an element can be identified as an atom. Any atom with the atomic number 8 represents an 𝑂 (Oxygen) atom, and ... Read More

Introduction The Scottish chemist Thomas Graham first put forward the systematic study of diffusion of gas molecules. He made his contributions to diffusion in the year 1828 to 1833. He observed that when different gases are brought together there is a spreading of gases instead of their arrangement in the ... Read More

Introduction The primary distinction between erosion as well as corrosion is that erosion relates to a physical change in matter, while corrosion refers to a chemical change in matter. Both erosions but also corrosion are natural processes with varying effects on the surfaces they interact with. Although erosion transports tiny ... Read More

Introduction The physical quantities which contain both magnitude and direction are called vector quantities like Displacement, Velocity, and so forth. The physical quantity which contains only magnitude is called a scalar quantity. For example, distance, speed, etc. angular speed is a scalar quantity. Measurement is the comparison of an unknown ... Read More

Introduction Various scientists are making several attempts to measure the size of atoms. But Avogadro's hypothesis gives an important explanation for it. Avogadro's hypothesis was accepted after two years of Avogadro's death. It was accepted when Italian chemist Stanislao Cannizzaro was able to explain chemical exceptions to Avogadro's hypothesis. He ... Read More

Introduction When we are moving from one position to another position, then we are said to be in motion. Motion is nothing but just a movement. Every moving object's changes their position with time. Now, it is also well known that motion is of two types, Uniform and Non-uniform. Uniform ... Read More

Introduction In thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, we often study gas molecules inside a container. In such a case, it is impossible to study each molecule separately. Indeed, even in a single mL of gas, there are almost an uncountable number of gas molecules. Thus, instead of working with individual molecules, ... Read More

Introduction If you have spent some time around the concepts of electrodynamics, chances are that you have already come across Maxwell’s equations in one form or another. Even if you didn’t know what they were called at the time, they still must have found their way into your concepts. ... Read More