Introduction The physical quantities which contain both magnitude and direction are called vector quantities like Displacement, Velocity, and so forth. The physical quantity which contains only magnitude is called a scalar quantity. For example, distance, speed, etc. angular speed is a scalar quantity. Measurement is the comparison of an unknown ... Read More

Introduction Various scientists are making several attempts to measure the size of atoms. But Avogadro's hypothesis gives an important explanation for it. Avogadro's hypothesis was accepted after two years of Avogadro's death. It was accepted when Italian chemist Stanislao Cannizzaro was able to explain chemical exceptions to Avogadro's hypothesis. He ... Read More

Introduction When we are moving from one position to another position, then we are said to be in motion. Motion is nothing but just a movement. Every moving object's changes their position with time. Now, it is also well known that motion is of two types, Uniform and Non-uniform. Uniform ... Read More

Introduction In thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, we often study gas molecules inside a container. In such a case, it is impossible to study each molecule separately. Indeed, even in a single mL of gas, there are almost an uncountable number of gas molecules. Thus, instead of working with individual molecules, ... Read More

Introduction If you have spent some time around the concepts of electrodynamics, chances are that you have already come across Maxwell’s equations in one form or another. Even if you didn’t know what they were called at the time, they still must have found their way into your concepts. ... Read More

Introduction Maxwell’s contributions to the fields of science span more than a single topic. The equations named after him in electrodynamics form the fundamentals of the topic, while his work on color theory is still regarded as ground-breaking. Indeed, Maxwell presented the first-ever color photography demonstration in 1861. Maxwell’s relations ... Read More

Introduction All matter around us is made up of molecules. Because these molecules are in motion, each molecule has kinetic energy and static energy due to the gravitational force of other molecules around it. The amount of kinetic energy and static energy is the internal energy of the molecules. When ... Read More

Introduction We know that the gas’s large number of molecules are known as particles. The particles move randomly here and there without any alignment and due to this random motion, they strike each other and change their path. When it is not easy to understand the actual paths of moving ... Read More

Introduction We know that everything is made up of matter and the different states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. The mass and weight of each state of matter are not the same. That is why a precise explanation of mass and weight is necessary. It is important to ... Read More

Introduction Measurement is the comparison of an unknown quantity with a known value. Measurement is a system of measuring. Measurement is always a numerical value. Measurements include length, mass, volume, temperature, etc. It is associated with geometry, trigonometry, algebra, etc. Units were given to the measured values. Fundamental units for ... Read More