The Motorola M6800 is 40pin DIP Microprocessor. Here we will see the actual pin level diagram of M6800 and also the functional pin diagram of it.The M6800 requires some additional chips to provide the required functions. These chips are:6870 (clock generator)6830 (ROM) or 68708(EPROM)6810 (RAM)6820 (PeripheralInterface Adapter)6850 (AsynchronousCommunications Interface Adapter)6828 ... Read More

Now, in this section, we will see how we can use the Motorola M6800 Microprocessor to add multi-Byte numbers.AddingMulti-Byte NumberIn this example, we are using 4-Byte numbers (56 2F 7A 89)16 and (21 FB A9 AF)16In the memory, at first, we are storing the Byte counts, and then the numbers ... Read More

Intel 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor which has 16 address line for 16-bit address of a memory location. 8 higher order address bits are transferred through 8 bit lines out of this 16 address line while remaining lower order 8 bits of the address are sent through another 8 lines ... Read More

Intel 8085 receives 8-bit information on AD7-0 from memory or in-port which resides inside the microprocessor via“register”. A register is a group of flip-flops, where each flip-flop can store a bit of information. To store 8 bitsof information, the size of a register in 8085 has to be 8 bitsThe advantages ... Read More

Registers B, C, D, E, H, and L are general purpose registers in 8085 Microprocessor. All these GPRS are 8-bits wide. They are less important than the accumulator. They are used to store data temporarily during the execution of the program. For example, there is no instruction to add the ... Read More

There are various versions of 8051 Microcontroller. These versions are 8051H, 8051BH and 8051CH. Here we will see the general 8051 Microcontroller. This microcontroller works on a +5V dc power source. As it has on-chip clock circuit, so we need only the crystal oscillator between the pin XTAL1 and XTAL2 ... Read More

We have already discussed that the 8051 microcontroller has the internal program memory. In this chip, there is EA  pin. It indicates the External Access. So by using this pin, we can check whether the internal program memory is used or not. So when there is a low signal in ... Read More

As an example, the value of 1 001, if the interpretation is that it is a 2's complement fraction will be as follows -It is 1.001 assuming the binary point after the MS bit. As the MS bit is 1, it is a negative number. Then the remaining bits do ... Read More

In 8051 Microcontroller there is 25 different instructions under the Logical Group. In total there are 49 opcodes. The Carry Flag (CY) affects only by instruction RRC and RLC.In the following table, we will see the Mnemonics, Lengths, Execution Time in terms of the machine cycle, Number of Opcodes etc.MnemonicsByte ... Read More

The sign-magnitude binary format is the simplest conceptual format. In this method of representing signed numbers, the most significant digit (MSD) takes on extra meaning.If the MSD is a 0, we can evaluate the number just as we would any normal unsigned integer. And also we shall treat the number as ... Read More