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R Programming Articles
Page 89 of 174
How to find the quantiles in R without quantile name?
The calculation of quantiles in R is very simple, we just need to use quantile function and it returns all the quantiles that are 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. If we want to avoid the printing the name of these quantiles then we can use names=FALSE with the quantile function. For example, if we have a vector called x then the quantiles without names can be found as quantile(x,names=FALSE).Examplex1
Read MoreHow to get row index based on a value of an R data frame column?
A row of an R data frame can have multiple ways in columns and these values can be numerical, logical, string etc. It is easy to find the values based on row numbers but finding the row numbers based on a value is different. If we want to find the row number for a particular value in a specific column then we can extract the whole row which seems to be a better way and it can be done by using single square brackets to take the subset of the row.ExampleConsider the below data frame −x1
Read MoreHow to avoid the warning "Cannot compute exact p-value with ties" while perform correlation test for Spearman's correlation in R?
When the variables are not continuous but could be ranked then we do not use pearson correlation coefficient to find the linear relationship, in this case spearman correlation coefficient comes into the scene. Since the spearman correlation coefficient considers the rank of values, the correlation test ignores the same ranks to find the p-values as a result we get the warning “Cannot compute exact p-value with ties”. This can be avoided by using exact = FALSE inside the cor.test function.ExampleConsider the below vectors and perform spearman correlation test to check the relationship between them −x1
Read MoreHow to find similar words in vector of strings in R?
Sometimes strings in a vector of strings have spelling errors and we want to extract the similar words to avoid that spelling error because similar words are likely to represent the correct and incorrect form of a word. This can be done by using agrep with lapply function.Example 1x1
Read MoreHow to change the position of axes titles to top for X-variable and to right for Y-variable in R?
The default position of axes titles in any software or programming language for any 2D graph is bottom for X-axis and left for Y-axis but we might to change the position of these titles to top and right respectively. This can be done by using scale_x_continuous(position="top") and scale_y_continuous(position="right") functions of ggplot2 package.ExampleConsider the below data frame −set.seed(101) x
Read MoreHow to create gridlines that matches with Y-axis values in the plot created by using plot function in R?
When we create a plot in R and draw gridlines then the gridlines are drawn on the basis of the values provided inside the grid function, therefore, it may or may not match with the Y-axis labels. But it can be done, we just need to set the values inside the grid function to NULL.ExampleConsider the below plot −x
Read MoreHow to reduce the space between two plots that are joined with grid.arrange in R?
When we join or combine plots using grid.arrange the scales of the first plot comes in between as X-axis even if the independent variable in both of the plots is same.Therefore, we might want to remove the space between the plots while joining to get only one X-axis. This can be done by using theme function.ExampleConsider the below data frame −set.seed(123) x
Read MoreHow to find the raise to the power of all values in an R vector?
Often, we need to find the power of a value or the power of all values in an R vector, especially in cases when we are dealing with polynomial models. This can be done by using ^ sign as we do in Excel. For example, if we have a vector x then the square of all values in x can be found as x^2.Examplex1
Read MoreHow to create a column with binary variable based on a condition of other variable in an R data frame?
Sometimes we need to create extra variable to add more information about the present data because it adds value. This is especially used while we do feature engineering. If we come to know about something that may affect our response then we prefer to use it as a variable in our data, hence we make up that with the data we have. For example, creating another variable applying conditions on other variable such as creating a binary variable for goodness if the frequency matches a certain criterion.ExampleConsider the below data frame −set.seed(100) Group
Read MoreHow to determine the row that have min and max values in an R data frame column?
In data analysis, often we require to determine the minimum and maximum values because these values help us to understand the limits of a column or variable under consideration. This can be done by using which.max for maximum and which.min for minimum with single square brackets to extract the rows.ExampleConsider the below data frame −x1
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