Extended inter-frame spacing (EIFS), is a waiting period used in MAC layer of IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area network standard (WLAN standard). It is an additional waiting period used in addition to the mandatory DISF technique in case of corrupted frames.DISF (Distributed coordination function inter-frame spacing) is inserted before sending frames to avoid collisions in areas where carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) is used. EISF is used for erroneous frames.Functioning of EIFSIn normal delivery of frames, DISF waiting period is good enough. However, when a previously received frame is corrupted, the DISF waiting period proves to be insufficient. ... Read More

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) is a network protocol for carrier transmission that operates in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. CSMA/CA prevents collisions prior to their occurrence and is ideally used in wireless communications.Rate anomaly occurs when the performance of a high speed station is impaired due to a low speed station, thus reducing the average throughput of the entire wireless network.ExplanationThe CSMA/CA allows each station to send a single frame at a time. Before sending a frame, the station waits for a certain inter-frame spacing (IFS). Following the IFS, it sends the request to send ... Read More

Arbitration inter-frame spacing (AIFS), is an optional technique used to prevent collisions in IEEE 802.11e based WLAN standard (Wi-Fi), in the medium access control (MAC) layer. It determines the time interval that a station should wait before it sends its request frame, by prioritizing the stations based upon the Access Category, i.e. the type of data to be transmitted.Functioning of AIFSIn a wireless communication, it is very difficult to resolve collisions. So, collision avoidance schemes are used when multiple stations want to access the channels. Inter-frame spacing are inserted before transmissions for avoiding collisions. Unlike other inter-frame spaces, AISF assigns ... Read More

Cloud computing refers to a client-server computing framework where resources are managed in a centralized fashion. It is provided as a pay-per-use service. Cloud computing makes the system all-time accessible.Grid computing refers to a network of the same or different types of computers whose target is to provide an environment where a task can be performed by multiple computers together on a need basis. Each computer can work independently as well. Grid Computing is used internally by organizations.Read through this article to find out more about Cloud Computing and Grid Computing and how they are different from each other.What is ... Read More

A cluster computer refers to a network of same type of computers whose target is to work as one collaborative unit. Such a network is used when a resource-hungry task requires high-computing power or memory. Two or more same types of computers are clubbed together to make a cluster and perform the task.Grid computing refers to a network of same or different types of computers whose target is to provide an environment where a task can be performed by multiple computers together on need basis. Each computer can work independently as well.Read through this article to find out more about ... Read More

PagingPaging is a memory management technique in which process address space is broken into blocks of the same size called pages (size is power of 2, between 512 bytes and 8192 bytes). The size of the process is measured in the number of pages. Similarly, main memory is divided into small fixed-sized blocks of (physical) memory called frames and the size of a frame is kept the same as that of a page to have optimum utilization of the main memory and to avoid external fragmentation.Similarly, main memory is divided into small fixed-sized blocks of (physical) memory called frames and ... Read More

LANs are privately owned and span a smaller geographical area (restricted to a few kilometers). It can be used in various settings, including offices, residences, hospitals, and schools. The setup and management of a LAN is quite straightforward. Just like a traditional wired LAN in which the connected devices transmit data over Ethernet cables, whereas in a WLAN, the connected devices transmit data through Wi-Fi. Mobile users can connect to a WLAN through wireless connection. The IEEE 802.11 group of standards describe the technologies for LANs. Go through this article to find out more about LAN and WLAN ... Read More

Wireless WAN is a type of WAN that uses only wireless connections. A WAN in general is a network of local area networks (LANs) that link to other LANs via telephone lines and radio waves. WANs can also use wired connections. Go through this article to find out more about WAN and Wireless WAN and how they are different from each other. What is a WAN? A WAN (Wide Area Network) is a computer network that connects multiple locations across a large geographic area, albeit it may be limited to the boundaries of a state or country. It can be ... Read More

In a computer system, a port provides an interface to connect a peripheral device to the computer system. Thus, ports in the computer hardware are the jacks or sockets through which the peripheral devices are attached to the computer system. These ports are standardized for each purpose. There are several types of ports available in the computer system such as USB ports, Ethernet ports, display ports, serial ports, parallel ports, etc. Through these ports, we connect different hardware devices such as monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc. to the computer. Read through this article to find out more about Serial ... Read More

What is Registered Jack (RJ)? A Registered Jack (RJ) is a defined telecommunication network interface for connecting voice and data equipment to a local exchange carrier or long-distance carrier's service. The Universal Service Ordering Code (USOC) system of the Bell System in the United States was the first to specify registration interfaces for compliance with the registration program for customer-supplied telephone equipment mandated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the 1970s. After Bell Labs invented Registered Jack connections in 1973, they became popular. Physical construction, wiring, and signal semantics are all included in the standard. As a result, ... Read More