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Protocols in the data link layer are designed so that this layer can perform its basic functions: framing, error control and flow control. Framing is the process of dividing bit - streams from physical layer into data frames whose size ranges from a few hundred to a few thousand bytes. Error control mechanisms deals with transmission errors and retransmission of corrupted and lost frames. Flow control regulates speed of delivery and so that a fast sender does not drown a slow receiver.Types of Data Link ProtocolsData link protocols can be broadly divided into two categories, depending on whether the transmission ... Read More
To select all columns except one column in Pandas DataFrame, we can use df.loc[:, df.columns != ].StepsCreate a two-dimensional, size-mutable, potentially heterogeneous tabular data, df.Print the input DataFrame, df.Initialize a variable col with column name that you want to exclude.Use df.loc[:, df.columns != col] to create another DataFrame excluding a particular column.Print the DataFrame without col column.Example Live Demoimport pandas as pd df = pd.DataFrame( { "x": [5, 2, 1, 9], "y": [4, 1, 5, 10], "z": [4, 1, 5, 0] } ) print("Input DataFrame is:", df) col ... Read More
Most of the times, we need to use packages in R and some packages are restricted to different versions in R, generally to newer versions. Therefore, we might need to find which version of R we are using. To find the R version, we can directly use the command R.Version().Example Live DemoR.Version()Output$platform [1] "x86_64−w64−mingw32" $arch [1] "x86_64" $os [1] "mingw32" $system [1] "x86_64, mingw32" $status [1] "" $major [1] "4" $minor [1] "0.2" $year [1] "2020" $month [1] "06" $day [1] "22" $`svn rev` [1] "78730" $language [1] "R" $version.string [1] "R version 4.0.2 (2020−06−22)" $nickname [1] "Taking Off Again"We can ... Read More
EER is a high-level data model that incorporates the extensions to the original ER model. Enhanced ERD are high level models that represent the requirements and complexities of complex database.In addition to ER model concepts EE-R includes −Subclasses and Super classes.Specialization and Generalization.Category or union type.Aggregation.These concepts are used to create EE-R diagrams.Subclasses and Super classSuper class is an entity that can be divided into further subtype.For example − consider Shape super class.Super class shape has sub groups: Triangle, Square and Circle.Sub classes are the group of entities with some unique attributes. Sub class inherits the properties and attributes from ... Read More
Objects in JavaScript is an entity, where it consists of properties and type. Let’s consider sports as an object, in Car the properties can be color, price, height, width, etc. Exactly the same also happens in JavaScript, which has objects and contains properties to them. Const car = { color : 'Black', price : 2500000, height : '6 feet', width : '5 feet' } The equality operator (===) verifies whether the two operands are equal or not and returns a Boolean value. If the both operands are ... Read More
The process of sending data between two or more digital devices is known as data transmission. Data is transmitted between digital devices using one of the two methods − serial transmission or parallel transmission.In serial transmission, data bits are sent one after the other across a single channel. Parallel data transmission distributes numerous data bits through various channels at the same time.What is Serial Transmission?A serial transmission transfers data one bit at a time, consecutively, via a communication channel or computer bus in telecommunication and data transmission. On the other hand, parallel communication delivers multiple bits as a single unit ... Read More
Let’s say the following is our string.String str = " This is demo text, and demo line!";To split a string with comma, use the split() method in Java.str.split("[,]", 0);The following is the complete example.Example Live Demopublic class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { String str = "This is demo text, and demo line!"; String[] res = str.split("[,]", 0); for(String myStr: res) { System.out.println(myStr); } } }OutputThis is demo text and demo line!
PagingPaging is a memory management technique in which process address space is broken into blocks of the same size called pages (size is power of 2, between 512 bytes and 8192 bytes). The size of the process is measured in the number of pages. Similarly, main memory is divided into small fixed-sized blocks of (physical) memory called frames and the size of a frame is kept the same as that of a page to have optimum utilization of the main memory and to avoid external fragmentation.Similarly, main memory is divided into small fixed-sized blocks of (physical) memory called frames and ... Read More
An element can be retrieved from the ArrayList in Java by using the java.util.ArrayList.get() method. This method has a single parameter i.e. the index of the element that is returned.A program that demonstrates this is given as followsExample Live Demoimport java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class Demo { public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { List aList = new ArrayList(); aList.add("James"); aList.add("George"); aList.add("Bruce"); aList.add("Susan"); ... Read More
To add background music on a web page, use … element. Also, use the autoplay attribute. This will run music in the background whenever the page loads.Set the width and height in a way the player hides on the web page. The loop attribute is added to specify whether the audio will start over again. Add the music file to the server and mention the link in src attribute.ExampleYou can try to run the following code to add background music to your web page:Live Demo HTML background music ... Read More