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Let us look at an example that creates a package called animals. It is a good practice to use names of packages with lower case letters to avoid any conflicts with the names of classes and interfaces.Following package example contains interface named animals −/* File name : Animal.java */ package animals; interface Animal { public void eat(); public void travel(); }Now, let us implement the above interface in the same package animals −package animals; /* File name : MammalInt.java */ public class MammalInt implements Animal { public void eat() { System.out.println("Mammal eats"); } ... Read More
Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is a multi-user version of digital data modulation scheme OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing). In OFDM, a single stream of data is divided into several separate sub-streams for transmission via multiple channels. OFDM uses the principle of frequency division multiplexing (FDM), where the available bandwidth is divided into a set of sub-streams having separate frequency bands.In OFDMA, multiple access is achieved by assignment of different subsets of subcarriers to individual stations. This permits transmission to go on simultaneously at lower data rate from several stations.The stations assigned to a given subcarrier alternate between sending ... Read More
The IEEE 802.16 is a set of standards that lays down the specifications for wireless broadband technology. It has been commercialized as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) that is responsible for delivery of last mile wireless broadband access. It lays down the standards for both physical layer as well as medium access control (MAC) layer for WiMAX.Physical Layer Features of WiMAXThere are two popular services of the physical layer −Fixed WiMAX.Mobile WiMAX.WiMAX initially provided data rates of 30 – 40 Mbps. The updated version that came in 2011 provides up to 1 Gbps data rates for fixed stations.It operates ... Read More
The IEEE 802.16 set of standards lays down the specifications for wireless broadband technology. It has been commercialized as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and is responsible for delivery of last mile wireless broadband access.The IEEE 802.16 lays down the standards for both physical layer as well as medium access control (MAC) layer for WiMAX. The general structure of the IEEE protocol stack is shown as below −As shown in the diagram, IEEE 802.16 lays down the standards for physical layer and data link layer.Physical Layer − The two popular services of the physical layer are fixed WiMAX and ... Read More
The IEEE 802.16 is a set of standards that lays down the specifications for wireless broadband technology. It has been commercialized as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) that is responsible for delivery of last mile wireless broadband access.The IEEE 802.16 architecture lays down the standards for both physical layer as well as medium access control (MAC) layer for WiMAX. It initially provided data rates of 30 – 40 Mbps. The updated version that came in 2011 provides up to 1 Gbps data rates for fixed stations. It operates in the frequency band of 2 GHz to 11 GHz. The ... Read More
The 802.16 is a set of standards defined by IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) that lays down the specifications for wireless broadband technology. It has been commercialized as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) that is responsible for delivery of last mile wireless broadband access.The IEEE 802.16 lays down the standards for both physical layer as well as medium access control (MAC) layer for WiMAX. It initially provided data rates of 30 – 40 Mbps. The updated version that came in 2011 provides up to 1 Gbps data rates for fixed stations. It operates in the frequency band ... Read More
Array is a data structure that store data in the contagious memory location.Declaring arraysDeclaring arrays is done by the following syntax : int 1D[] - for 1-D array int 2D[][] - for 2-D arrayIf you initialize an array with lesser number of elements, rest are initialized with 0.Memory address of elements of the array1-D array : address[i] = baseAddress + i*size 2-D array (row major) : address[i][j] = baseAddress + (i*n + j) * sizeNow, let’s see some practice problemPredict the output of the following code snippetint arr[5] = {6, 9}; for(int i = 0; i
String is an important part of programming. Strings are the array of character types. In competitive exams like GATE also it is an important topic. So let’s discuss some key points about string and then we will proceed to some questions that will help you clear your concepts about string.String in a programming language can be stored in two different ways. They are using character array (char str[size]) and using a pointer that will point to the string (char * ch = “Hello”). There are some important things related to the use of the character array and pointer to a ... Read More
Recurrence relations are equations that recursively defines a multidimensional array.Here we will solve so questions based on recurrence relations.Solve the recurrence reation:T(n) = 12T(n/2) + 9n2 + 2. T(n) = 12T(n/2) + 9n2 + 2. Here, a = 12 and b = 2 and f(n) = 9(n)2 + 2 It is of the form f(n) = O(n^c), where c = 2This form its in the master’s theorem condition, So, logb(a) = log2(12) = 3.58 Using case 1 of the masters theorm, T(n) = θ(n3.58).Solve the recurrence reation:T(n) = 5T(n/2 + 23) + 5n2 + 7n - 5/3. T(n) = 5T(n/2 ... Read More
Taking advantage of the for loop and range function in python, we can draw a variety of for pyramid structures. The key to the approach is designing the appropriate for loop which will leave both vertical and horizontal space for the position of the symbol we choose for drawing the pyramid structure.Pattern -1We draw a right angle based pattern.Example Live Demodef pyramid(p): for m in range(0, p): for n in range(0, m+1): print("* ", end="") print("\r") p = 10 pyramid(p)OutputRunning the above code gives us the following result −* * ... Read More