Data Structure
Networking
RDBMS
Operating System
Java
MS Excel
iOS
HTML
CSS
Android
Python
C Programming
C++
C#
MongoDB
MySQL
Javascript
PHP
A multiprocessor is a single computer that has multiple processors. It is possible that the processors in the multiprocessor system can communicate and cooperate at various levels of solving a given problem. The communications between the processors take place by sending messages from one processor to another, or by sharing a common memory.Characteristics of MultiprocessorThere are the major characteristics of multiprocessors are as follows −Parallel Computing − This involves the simultaneous application of multiple processors. These processors are developed using a single architecture to execute a common task. In general, processors are identical and they work together in such a ... Read More
A multiprocessor is a data processing system that can execute more than one program or more than one arithmetic operation simultaneously. It is also known as a multiprocessing system. Multiprocessor uses with more than one processor and is similar to multiprogramming that allows multiple threads to be used for a single procedure.The term ‘multiprocessor’ can also be used to describe several separate computers running together. It is also referred to as clustering. A system is called a multiprocessor system only if it includes two or more elements that can implement instructions independently.A multiprocessor system employs a distributed approach. In the ... Read More
A virtual memory organization is a consolidation of hardware and software systems. It can make efficient utilization of memory space all the software operations are handled by the memory management software.The hardware mapping system and the memory management software together form the structure of virtual memory.When the program implementation starts, one or more pages are transferred into the main memory and the page table is set to denote their location. The program is implemented from the main memory just before a reference is created for a page that is not in memory. This event is defined as a page fault.When ... Read More
The table execution of the address mapping is interpreted if the data in the address space and the memory space are each split into a collection of fixed sizes. The physical memory is broken down into sets of similar size known as blocks, which can range from 64 to 4096 words each. The term page defines a set of address spaces of a similar size.Example − Suppose a page or block consists of 1K words, then address space can be divided into 1024 pages and main memory can be divided into 32 blocks.Even though both a page and a block ... Read More
Addresses that are used by programmers are known as virtual addresses, and the set of such addresses is known as the address space. Space or spot where the address is saved in the main memory is referred to as location or physical address and the set of such locations is known as the memory space.Therefore, the address space is the set of addresses generated by programs as they reference instructions and data. The memory space holds the actual main memory locations that are directly addressable for processing.Example − Consider, main-memory having a capacity of 32K words (K = 1024). 15 ... Read More
Set associative mapping combines direct mapping with fully associative mapping by arrangement lines of a cache into sets. The sets are persistent using a direct mapping scheme. However, the lines within each set are treated as a small fully associative cache where any block that can save in the set can be stored to any line inside the set.The diagram represents this arrangement using a sample cache that uses four lines to a set.A set-associative cache that includes k lines per set is known as a k way set-associative cache. Because the mapping approach uses the memory address only like ... Read More
In the associative mapping function, any block of main memory can probably consist of any cache block position. It breaks the main memory address into two parts - the word ID and a tag as shown in the figure. To check for a block stored in the memory, the tag is pulled from the memory address and a search is performed through all of the lines of the cache to see if the block is present.This method of searching for a block within a cache appears like it might be a slow process, but it is not. Each line of ... Read More
An associative memory can be treated as a memory unit whose saved information can be recognized for approach by the content of the information itself instead of by an address or memory location. Associative memory is also known as Content Addressable Memory (CAM).The block diagram of associative memory is shown in the figure. It includes a memory array and logic for m words with n bits per word. The argument register A and key register K each have n bits, one for each bit of a word.The match register M has m bits, one for each memory word. Each word ... Read More
The data or contents of the main memory that are used generally by the CPU are saved in the cache memory so that the processor can simply create that information in a shorter time. Whenever the CPU requires to create memory, it first tests the cache memory. If the data is not established in cache memory, so the CPU transfers into the main memory.Cache memory is located between the CPU and the main memory. The block diagram for a cache memory can be represented as −The concept of reducing the size of memory can be optimized by placing an even ... Read More
The memory unit is an important component in any digital computer since it is required for saving programs and information. A very small computer with limited software can fulfill its intended function without the requirement for additional storage capacity.There is only not limited space in one memory unit to contain all the programs used in an ordinary computer. Further, various computer users acquire and continue to acquire huge amounts of data-processing software. It is not all acquired data that is required by the processor at an equal time. Hence, it is more cost-effective to use low-cost storage devices to distribute ... Read More