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To check which value in NA in an R data frame, we can use apply function along with is.na function.For Example, if we have a data frame called df that contains some NA values then we can check which value is NA by using the command mentioned below −apply(df,2, function(x) is.na(x))This will return the data frame in logical form with TRUE and FALSE. Check out the below Examples to understand how it works.Example 1Following snippet creates a sample data frame −x1
Given two integers Num1 and Num2 as input. The integers can be represented as fraction Num1/Num2. The goal is to reduce this fraction to its lowest form.Using GCD to find highest denominatorWe will calculate the greatest common divisor of both numbers.Divide both numbers by that gcdSet both variables as quotient after division.Lowest fraction will be Num1/Num2.ExamplesInput − Num1=22 Num2=10Output − Num1 = 11 Num2 = 5Lowest Fraction : 11/5Explanation− GCD of 22 and 10 is 2.22/2=11 and 10/2=5Lowest fraction is 11/5Input− Num1=36 Num2=40Output− Num1 = 9 Num2 = 10Lowest Fraction : 9/10Explanation − GCD of 36 and 40 is 4.40/4=10 and 36/4=9Lowest ... Read More
Given an integer variable Number as input. Let us consider an array containing elements in the range 1 to Number in sorted order. If we perform an operation on an array such that at each step the elements at odd positions are removed. Then the goal is to perform this operation N number of times till only a single element is left. Print that element at the end.Note-: The positioning of elements is such that the array at index 0 is at 1st position and so on.Test Cases for Number of elements in arrayInput Number=1, output = 1Input Number=2, output ... Read More
We will understand how C and C++ behave differently in case we re-declare a global variable without initializing, redeclaring global variables with initialization, redeclaring global variables and initializing them twice. Also, we will repeat above combinations with local variables.1. A) C program : Redeclaring Global variables with no initialization#include int var; int var; int main(){ printf("Var = %d",var); return 0; }OutputVar = 0B) C++ program : Redeclaring Global variables with no initialization#include using namespace std; int var; int var; int main(){ cout
To find the row sums if NA exists in the R data frame, we can use rowSums function and set the na.rm argument to TRUE and this argument will remove NA values before calculating the row sums.For Example, if we have a data frame called df that contains some NA values then we can find the row sums by using the below command −df$Row_Sums
We are given an integer number Num as input. The goal is to find the reverse of the number using stack.Stack:- A stack is a data structure in C++ which stores data in LIFO ( Last in First Out) manner. Major operations of stack are-:Declaration-: stack stck; //stck is now a stack variable.Finding Top using top(). Function stck.top() returns reference of top element in the stckRemoving Top using pop(). Function removes topmost element from the stckAdding element to top using push(). Function stck.push( value ) adds item value in stack. Value should be of type stck.Check if staxk is ... Read More
We are given an integer array Arr[] as input. The goal is to find maximum and minimum elements among the array using recursive methods.Since we are using recursion, we will traverse the whole array till we reach length=1 then return A[0] which forms the base case. Else compare current element with present minimum or maximum and update its value by recursion for later elements.Let us see various input output scenarios for this −Input − Arr= {12, 67, 99, 76, 32};Output − Maximum in the array :99Explanation − Out of all elements 99 is maximum among them.Input − Arr= {1, 0, -99, 9, 3};Output − Minimum ... Read More
To add zero before a vector in R, we can simply use rep function and provide the number times we want to have zero in the vector.For Example, if we have a vector called X that contains three values say 1, 2, 3 and we want to add three zeros before this vector then we can use the command as given below −X
Suppose we have a vector that contains only frequencies and we want to create a bar chart in base R using these frequencies with color of bars based on frequencies, therefore, we can use barplot function and providing the color of the bars with as shown in the below ExamplesThe function is as follows −heat.colors functionExample 1To fill the bars in a base R barplot with colours based on frequency, use the command given below −Frequency_1
Shift Reduce Parser is a type of Bottom-Up Parser. It generates the Parse Tree from Leaves to the Root. In Shift Reduce Parser, the input string will be reduced to the starting symbol. This reduction can be produced by handling the rightmost derivation in reverse, i.e., from starting symbol to the input string.Shift Reduce Parser requires two Data StructuresInput BufferStackThere are the various steps of Shift Reduce Parsing which are as follows −There are the various steps of Shift Reduce Parsing which are as follows −It uses a stack and an input buffer.Insert $ at the bottom of the stack ... Read More