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A dataset is the heart of any ML model. It is of utmost importance that the data in a dataset are scaled and are within a particular range, to provide accurate results. Standardization in machine learning , a type of feature scaling ,is used to bring uniformity to the datasets , resulting in independent variables and features of the same scale and range. Standardization transforms the standard deviation to 1 and the mean to 0 . In standardization, the mean is subtracted from each data point and the result obtained is divided by the standard deviation , resulting in standardized ... Read More
Python is a popular programming language used by developers worldwide to build various applications. One of the significant advantages of Python is the availability of several powerful libraries that simplify complex tasks. One such library is Pillow, which is used for image−processing tasks like resizing, cropping, and manipulating images. In this tutorial, we will explore how to use Pillow to concatenate images horizontally and vertically in Python. Image concatenation is the process of combining two or more images into a single image. By concatenating images, we can create stunning image collages, combine multiple images into a single image, or create ... Read More
The strtok() function is one of the most utilised functions in C++. Using a delimiter as a guide, this function can divide a text into smaller chunks or tokens. It is simple to work with strings in C++ thanks to the strtok() function. The strtok() function will be thoroughly examined in this article, along with its definition, syntax, algorithm, and various implementation strategies. It is crucial to remember that the strtok function has several restrictions and potential downsides. It cannot be used on const or read-only strings, for instance, because it changes the original string in place. Edge situations and ... Read More
The problem "Minimum removals to make a string concatenation of a substring of 0s" deals with the job of manipulating strings. A string of 0s and 1s is provided as input, and the result is an integer that reflects the minimal number of 0s that must be eliminated in order to produce a substring of consecutive 0s. In other words, the problem might be rephrased as follows: Given a string of 0s and 1s, how many 0s must be eliminated in order for the remainder of the string to include a substring of consecutive 0s. Algorithm Step 1: ... Read More
Python is a popular programming language that is widely used in data science, machine learning, and other fields. One of the reasons for its popularity is the availability of powerful libraries such as Matplotlib, which allows users to create high−quality visualizations with ease. Matplotlib is a popular data visualization library in Python that provides a wide range of tools for creating different types of plots, including scatter plots. In this tutorial, we will explore how to connect scatterplot points with a line in Matplotlib. Scatter plots are useful for visualizing the relationship between two variables, and adding a line to ... Read More
Building modern web applications that are both scalable and engaging requires the use of relevant technologies. ReactJS and Flask are two popular frameworks that are commonly used for front−end and back−end development respectively. In this article, we'll explore the process of connecting ReactJS with Flask API to create robust web applications that take advantage of the unique features offered by both technologies. We'll provide you with a step−by−step guide on how to set up a Flask API, enable Cross−Origin Resource Sharing (CORS), make API requests from ReactJS, display the API data in the user interface, and handle API errors. ... Read More
MySQL is an open−source relational database management system that is widely used to store, manage, and organize data. When working with MySQL tables, it is common to require the combination of multiple column values into a single string for reporting and analysis purposes. Python, a high−level programming language, offers several libraries that enable connection to MySQL databases and execution of SQL queries. In this article, we'll dive into the process of concatenating column values of a MySQL table using Python and the PyMySQL library. A step−by−step guide is provided on how to connect to a MySQL database, execute a SQL ... Read More
A simultaneous perturbation stochastic optimization algorithm (SPSA) finds the minimum of an objective function by simultaneously perturbing the objective function. Using SPSA, the objective function gradient is estimated by evaluating a small number of functions at random perturbations. It is particularly useful when the objective function is noisy, non-differentiable, or has many parameters. A variety of applications, such as system identification, control, and machine learning, have been successfully implemented with this algorithm. Advantages Of Using The SPSA Algorithm The SPSA has been applied in various realms such as engineering, finance, and machine learning. It has several advantages ... Read More
The original Titanic project in Machine learning is aimed at finding whether a person on the Titanic will survive or not. However, this project named the spaceship Titanic is a bit different. The problem statement here is that a spaceship has people going on a trip in space. But due to a collision, a few people need to be transported to some other dimension or planet. Now this can’t be done randomly. So, we will use a Machine Learning technique in Python to find out who will get transported and who will not. Algorithm Step 1 − ... Read More
In Java, every interface, class, object, variable and method of a running program is stored in distinct reasons of computer memory. The heap is the part of memory area where values of variables, methods and classes are stored at runtime. Its allocation happens dynamically and can grow or shrink depending on the application's needs. On the other hand, the reference variables, names of methods and classes are stored in the stack memory area. However, if for some reason their allocation is not handled properly then, it may lead to memory errors that we are going to discuss in this article. ... Read More