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CSS grid-template-columns property
The CSS grid-template-columns property is used to define the number and size of columns in a CSS Grid layout. This property allows you to specify how much space each column should take up and how the grid items should be distributed across the columns.
Syntax
selector {
grid-template-columns: value1 value2 ... valueN;
}
Possible Values
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
auto |
Column size adjusts based on content |
length |
Fixed size using px, em, rem, etc. |
% |
Percentage of container width |
fr |
Fraction of available space |
repeat() |
Repeats a pattern of column sizes |
Example 1: Auto-Sized Columns
The following example creates a 2-column grid where columns automatically adjust to content size −
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.container {
display: grid;
background-color: #3498db;
grid-template-columns: auto auto;
padding: 20px;
gap: 20px;
}
.container > div {
background-color: #f39c12;
border: 2px solid #2c3e50;
padding: 20px;
font-size: 18px;
text-align: center;
color: white;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div>Item 1</div>
<div>Item 2</div>
<div>Item 3</div>
<div>Item 4</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
A 2x2 grid layout with orange grid items on a blue background. Items are arranged in two columns with equal spacing.
Example 2: Fixed and Fractional Units
This example demonstrates mixing different unit types for more control over column sizing −
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.container {
display: grid;
background-color: #2c3e50;
grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr 2fr;
padding: 20px;
gap: 15px;
height: 200px;
}
.container > div {
background-color: #e74c3c;
border: 1px solid #fff;
padding: 15px;
text-align: center;
color: white;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div>Fixed 100px</div>
<div>1 fraction</div>
<div>2 fractions</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
A 3-column grid where the first column is 100px wide, the second takes 1/3 of remaining space, and the third takes 2/3 of remaining space.
Conclusion
The grid-template-columns property provides flexible control over grid column layouts. You can use auto-sizing, fixed dimensions, percentages, or fractional units to create responsive and well-structured grid layouts.
Updated on: 2026-03-15T12:59:13+05:30
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