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Explain Communicable diseases, and their way of spreading?
Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases or transmissible diseases, are disorders or illness caused by the presence and growth of pathogenic agents - such as viruses, bacteria, parasite, or fungus that spread from one person or animal to another.
Example- Coronavirus, Ebola, Mumps, HIV, Hantavirus, Hepatitis A & B.
Some of the ways in which communicable diseases spread are:-
1. Being in physical contact or direct contact with an infected person, such as sexual intercourse (gonorrhoea, HIV), faecal/oral transmission (hepatitis A), or droplets (influenza, TB).
2. Being in contact with contaminated fluids, such as blood (HIV, hepatitis B), water (cholera).
3. Inhaling contaminated droplets such as mucus, or saliva (influenza, TB),
from another person’s cough or sneeze.
4. Coming in contact with any contaminated surface or object (Norwalk virus), food (salmonella, E. coli).
5. Receiving bites from insects or animals that are capable of transmitting the pathogens such as, mosquito- malaria and yellow fever, flea- plague.
Types of Infectious diseases are:
1. Viral infections
2. Bacterial infections
3. Fungal infections
4. Parasitic infections
5. Prions
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