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An object of mass $10kg$ is allowed to fall from rest from a height of $4.9m$. What will be its velocity when it just touches the ground, if acceleration due to gravity is $9.8m/s^{2}$.
Given:
Mass of the body, $m$ = 10 kg.
Height, $h$ = 4.9 m.
Acceleration due to gravity, $g$ = 9.8 $m/s^2$.
To find: Velocity, $v$ of the object.
Solution:
We know that the formula for potential energy is given as-
$P.E=mgh$
Substituting the given values, we get-
$P.E=10\times {9.8}\times {4.9}$
$P.E=480.2J \sim 480J$
$P.E=480J$
Now, by the law of the conservation of the energy, we know that-
Total amount of energy of the system remains constant.
$\therefore$ Kinetic Energy when the object just touches the ground is equal to the Potential Energy at the height of 4.9 m.
$\therefore$ Kinetic Energy = 480 J.
We know that formula for kinetic energy is given as-
$K.E=\frac {1}{2}\times {mv^2}$
Putting the given values we get-
$480=\frac {1}{2}\times {10v^2}$
$480=5v^2$
$v^2=\frac {480}{5}$
$v^2=96$
$v=\sqrt{96}$
$v=9.79m/s$
Thus, the velocity, $v$ of the object when it just touches the ground is 9.79 m/s.