Order by is a clause in SQL. It is used to sort the result set of a query in either ascending or descending order. It can sort using one or more columns. In this article, we will discuss the Order by clause in MS SQL Server. Syntax The syntax for ... Read More

In this article, we will discuss some other issues related to concurrency control. These are problems related to the insertion and deletion of records. These are known as phantom problems that can occur when records are joined. We will also discuss problems that can occur when a transaction outputs some ... Read More

Files of Mixed Records In DBMS, file organizations are designed to handle records of a single type. However, in most real-world applications, multiple types of entities are interconnected in various ways. To represent relationships among records in different files, fields are connected. For example, a STUDENT record may have a ... Read More

Hash Indexes In DBMS, it is possible to create access structures that function similar to indexes by using hashing. This secondary structure is known as a hash index and is used to access the file based on a search key that is different from the one used for the primary ... Read More

Apache Spark helps people study big information and teach machines how to learn. Some smart people at a university called UC Berkeley made it in 2009. Companies like yahoo! and Intel help make it better. Apache Spark is a big project that lots of people work on to help process ... Read More

In a distributed DBMS environment, several challenges arise in concurrency control and recovery, which are not present in a centralized DBMS environment. This article will discuss these challenges and their potential solutions. Multiple Copies of Data Items Dealing with multiple copies of data items is a significant challenge in distributed ... Read More

Data Warehouse A data warehouse is like a big library where we keep a lot of information from different places. It analyzes and understands the information easily. So you can make good decisions based on these facts. You have all the required information that you need in one place. We ... Read More

Hive was developed by Facebook. It is used for analytics and MapReduce jobs. It can read, write, and manage large datasets. Hive can replace traditional database operations. Hive uses indexing to make queries more efficient, and it can work with compressed data stored in the Hadoop ecosystem. In this article, ... Read More

Cassandra is developed by the Apache Software Foundation. It is a NoSQL database management system. Cassandra utilizes a wide column store to efficiently handle large volumes of data across multiple commodity servers. It is an open-source platform. It offers high availability without a single point of failure. Cassandra is written ... Read More

The concept of deferred update in database management systems (DBMS) involves postponing the actual updates to the database on disk until a transaction successfully completes its execution and reaches the commit point. During the execution of a transaction, updates are only recorded in the log and in the cache buffers. ... Read More