DBMS supports object-oriented data. It ensures direct correspondence between real-world objects and their representations in the database. This correspondence ensures that objects retain their integrity and identity. It enables easy identification and manipulation. Object Data Management System (ODMS) assigns unique identity to each independent object stored in the database. This ... Read More

In DBMS, there are object-relational features that combine elements of object databases with SQL. SQL language is used for relational databases, and it has evolved over time. In the latest standard called SQL:2008, object features have been incorporated, although not all commercial DBMSs have implemented these features yet. Object-relational model ... Read More

Offset-Fetch is feature in MS SQL Server. It helps to retrieve subset of rows from result set. It consists of two components: OFFSET and FETCH. The OFFSET clause specifies the number of rows to skip from the beginning of the result set. FETCH clause determines the number of rows to ... Read More

OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) is data processing technique. It is used to query and analyze data. It analyze data in real time from multiple sources. In 1993, EF Codd introduced 12 rules for the relational database model for OLAP systems. These rules are known as "Codd’s rules". These rules serve ... Read More

On-Line Transaction Processing (OLTP) System is a type of computer system that helps manage transaction-related tasks. These systems are made to quickly handle transactions and queries on the internet. For instance, supermarket's POS (point of sale) system is an example of an OLTP system. Almost every industry nowadays uses ... Read More

Retrieval and Update Operations When we work with files, we usually do two types of operations: retrieval and update. Retrieval operations help us find specific records in the file and look at their data. Update operations change the file by adding, removing, or modifying records. Selection Conditions To do either ... Read More

Cassandra is a distributed NoSQL database system. It offers high scalability, availability, and fault-tolerance. It uses a decentralized architecture, where data is distributed across multiple nodes, and provides several operations to manipulate data. In this article, we will discuss operations on tables in Cassandra. Creating Tables The first operation in ... Read More

Oracle Label-Based Security (OLS) is a feature of the Oracle Database that provides fine-grained access control over sensitive data based on security labels. This feature enables organizations to enforce access control policies based on the sensitivity of the data rather than the traditional approach of user roles and privileges. In ... Read More

Files of Mixed Records In DBMS, file organizations are designed to handle records of a single type. However, in most real-world applications, multiple types of entities are interconnected in various ways. To represent relationships among records in different files, fields are connected. For example, a STUDENT record may have a ... Read More

Hive was developed by Facebook. It is used for analytics and MapReduce jobs. It can read, write, and manage large datasets. Hive can replace traditional database operations. Hive uses indexing to make queries more efficient, and it can work with compressed data stored in the Hadoop ecosystem. In this article, ... Read More