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Articles by Mithlesh Upadhyay
Page 4 of 4
Operating System Based Virtualization
There are several benefits to using operating system-based virtualization. You can run multiple operating systems on the same physical hardware. This can be useful for testing different operating systems, running legacy applications, or saving space on your computer. Another advantage is that it can improve performance. By isolating each operating system from others, virtualization software can prevent conflicts and improve overall system performance. It creates a layer of abstraction between the hardware and the operating systems. The virtualization software is installed on the host operating system. It manages this layer of abstraction and allows guest operating systems to access ...
Read MoreOverview of Desk Area Network (DAN)
In today's world, multimedia apps are important part of our lives. These use various formats, i.e., audio, video, images, and text. But, multimedia apps also present challenges to the design and performance of computer systems and networks. The most important challenge is how to connect different devices and components involved in multimedia processing and communication efficiently and reliably. To address this challenge, Desk Area Network (DAN) has been introduced. It is interconnection of computer equipment based on the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). ATM is high-speed networking protocol that operates on the data link layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) ...
Read MoreOverview of Application Delivery Network (ADN)
Today, everyone uses digital devices to access websites and applications on the Internet. This has increased the need for cost-effective networks and better application delivery. To meet this demand, the Application Delivery Network (ADN) concept was developed. ADN reduces the load times. It solves IT problems faster. It ensures secure access to applications with proper visibility and availability. Application Delivery Network Application Delivery Network (ADN) is network architecture. It improves delivery of web applications to end users across different locations and devices. It has three components. These are Application Delivery Controllers (ADCs), WAN Optimization Controllers (WOCs) and Application Protection Appliances ...
Read MoreOutdoor Mobility Model | Gauss-Markov
Mobility models simulate the movements of mobile nodes in network. They are for ad-hoc network research. Mobility models can affect performance and behavior of various network protocols. There are different types of mobility models. These depend on whether the movements of mobile nodes are dependent and independent of each other (group and entity mobility models respectively). Gauss-Markov mobility model is an example of entity mobility model. It was proposed for simulation of personal communication service networks. This model can capture realistic characteristics of outdoor mobility. Such as randomness, correlation, and variation. model uses one tuning parameter to adjust degree ...
Read MoreOptions Field in TCP Header
TCP users send packets with data and TCP header information. The header contains source, destination, and other variables. TCP header is processed at each network device during transmission. Data remains unchanged, but header details like IP address may change. Options Field in TCP Header The TCP header has an optional options field for enhancements. It can be 0-320 bits, depending on data offset size. Options field holds various types: maximum segment size, window scaling, timestamps, etc. This field shows total option length, including kind and length. Option-data field has option details like numerical value or timestamp. ...
Read MoreOptions Field in IPv4 Header
IPv4 is used for network communication. Data packets contain important info. The IPv4 header includes an options field for flexibility and control. The options field is optional and located between header length and type of service. Its presence depends on the value in the header length field. Options Field in IPv4 Header IPv4 header contains information about the source and destination of an IP packet. It also has other parameters that affect how packets are processed by routers and hosts. It consists of a fixed part of 20 bytes, followed by an optional part of up to 40 ...
Read MoreObject Identity, and Objects versus Literals
DBMS supports object-oriented data. It ensures direct correspondence between real-world objects and their representations in the database. This correspondence ensures that objects retain their integrity and identity. It enables easy identification and manipulation. Object Data Management System (ODMS) assigns unique identity to each independent object stored in the database. This unique identity is implemented through a system-generated object identifier (OID). This OID serves as distinct value assigned to each object by the system. It is not visible to external users. However it is internally utilized by the system to ensure the unique identification of each object and to establish and ...
Read MoreOffset-Fetch in MS SQL Server
Offset-Fetch is feature in MS SQL Server. It helps to retrieve subset of rows from result set. It consists of two components: OFFSET and FETCH. The OFFSET clause specifies the number of rows to skip from the beginning of the result set. FETCH clause determines the number of rows to retrieve. Syntax SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table ORDER BY column OFFSET {integer_value} {ROWS | ROWS ONLY} FETCH {FIRST | NEXT} {integer_value} {ROWS | ROWS ONLY} ONLY; Explanation of Syntax SELECT column1, column2, ...: Specifies the columns to be selected from the table. FROM table Specifies the table from ...
Read MoreOLAP Guidelines (Codd_s Rule)
OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) is data processing technique. It is used to query and analyze data. It analyze data in real time from multiple sources. In 1993, EF Codd introduced 12 rules for the relational database model for OLAP systems. These rules are known as "Codd’s rules". These rules serve as a guideline for the design and development of OLAP systems. In this article, we will explore these 12 rules developed by Codd. Codd’s rules These are 12 rules for OLAP systems, as proposed by E.F. Codd − Multidimensional Conceptual View OLAP system should provide multidimensional conceptual view of ...
Read MoreOther Primary File Organizations
Files of Mixed Records In DBMS, file organizations are designed to handle records of a single type. However, in most real-world applications, multiple types of entities are interconnected in various ways. To represent relationships among records in different files, fields are connected. For example, a STUDENT record may have a connecting field Major_dept, whose value gives the name of the DEPARTMENT in which the student is majoring. The Major_dept field refers to a DEPARTMENT entity, which should be represented by a record of its own in the DEPARTMENT file. Retrieving field values from two related records requires retrieving one of ...
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