In an AC electric circuit, when the capacitive reactance is balanced by the inductive reactance at some given frequency, then this condition in the circuit is referred as resonance. The frequency of the supply voltage at which resonance occurs in the circuit is called resonant frequency. At the resonance in the ... Read More

When the transformer is in operation, heat is generated due to copper losses in the windings and iron losses in the core. The removal of heat from the transformer is known as cooling of the transformer.Transformer Cooling MethodsFor the dry type transformersAir Natural (AN) CoolingAir Forced (AF) or Air Blast ... Read More

Full Wave Rectifier is a diode circuit which is used to transform the complete cycle of Alternating Voltage (AC Supply) to Direct Voltage (DC Supply).In full wave rectification, current flows through the load in the same direction for the complete cycle of input AC Supply.Types of Full Wave RectifiersCentre Tap ... Read More

Operating Principle of Single-phase Induction MotorA single-phase induction motor consists of a squirrel cage rotor and a stator carrying a single-phase winding. When a single-phase AC supply is fed to the stator winding, a pulsating magnetic field (not the rotating) is produced. Under these conditions, the rotor does not rotate ... Read More

Half Wave Rectifier is a diode circuit which is used to transform Alternating Voltage (AC Supply) to Direct Voltage (DC Supply). A single diode is used in the HWR circuit for the transformation of AC to DC. Half Wave Rectifier circuit allows the one – half cycle of the AC ... Read More

Transformer A transformer is a static electrical machine which is used for either increasing or decreasing the voltage level of the AC supply with a corresponding decrease or increase in the current at constant frequency. Parts of a Transformer A typical transformer essentially consists of following main parts − ... Read More

In electronic circuits, we use an electronic device called operational amplifier (Op-Amp). The operational amplifier is a high-gain multistage differential amplifier. It has two inputs and one output, where the input terminals are named as inverting terminal and non-inverting terminal. The inverting terminal of the Op-Amp is marked with positive ... Read More

A Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) is a three-terminal device which consists of two pn-junctions formed by sandwiching either p-type or n-type semiconductor material between a pair of opposite type semiconductors.The primary function of BJT is to increase the strength of a weak signal, i.e., it acts as an amplifier. A ... Read More

The graph plotted between the torque and slip for a particular value of rotor resistance and reactance is known as torque-slip characteristics of the induction motor.The torque of a 3-phase induction motor under running conditions is given by, $$\mathrm{\tau_𝑟 =\frac{𝐾𝑠𝐸_2^2𝑅_2}{𝑅_2^2 + (𝑠𝑋_2)^2}… (1)}$$From the eqn. (1), it can be seen ... Read More

A transformer is a static electrical machine that is used to increase or decrease the voltage and current in an AC (Alternating Current) system. Based on construction, the transformers are broadly classified into following two types Core Type Transformer Shell Type Transformer In this tutorial, we will ... Read More