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Articles by Manish Kumar Saini
Page 6 of 80
Transistor as a Switch
A transistor can be used as a solid state switch. If the transistor is operated in the saturation region then it acts as closed switch and when it is operated in the cut off region then it behaves as an open switch.The transistor operates as a Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) solid state switch. When a zero input signal applied to the base of the transistor, it acts as an open switch. If a positive signal applied at the input terminal then it acts like a closed switch.When the transistor operating as switch, in the cut off region the current ...
Read MoreInverting and Non-Inverting Operational Amplifiers
An operational amplifier is a three-terminal device consisting of two high impedance input terminals, one is called the inverting input denoted by a negative sign and the other is the non-inverting input denoted with a positive sign. The third terminal is the output of the Op-Amp.Inverting Operational AmplifierIn the inverting operational amplifier circuit, the signal is applied at the inverting input and the non-inverting input is connected to the ground. In this type of amplifier, the output is 180⁰ out of phase to the input, i.e. when positive signal is applied to circuit, the output of the circuit will be ...
Read MoreUnijunction Transistor – Construction, Working Principle, and Characteristic Features
A Unijunction Transistor (UJT) is a three-terminal semiconductor device. The main characteristics of UJT is when it is triggered, the emitter current increases re-generatively until it is limited by emitter power supply. Due to this characteristic feature, it is used in applications like switching pulse generator, saw-tooth wave generator etc.Construction of UJTThe UJT consists of an n-type silicon semiconductor bar with an electrical on each end. The terminals of these connections are called Base terminals (B1 and B2). Near to base B2, a pn-junction is formed between a p-type emitter and the n-type silicon bar. The terminal of this junction ...
Read MoreDifference between BJT and FET
Both BJTs and FETs are transistors widely used in different types of electronic applications. Go through this article to find out the important features of BJTs and FETs and how they differ from each other in the way they function.What is BJT?BJT stands for Bipolar Junction Transistor. The BJT is the type of transistor in which the current flow is due to two types of charge carriers viz. electrons and holes. A BJT consists of three alternating layers of P-type and N-type semiconductor materials and two P-N junctions.When P-type semiconductor material is sandwiched between two N-type layers, the bipolar junction ...
Read MoreCurrent Divider Rule and Voltage Divider Rule
Electric circuits are classified into two main types namely series circuit and parallel circuit based on the arrangement of components in the circuit. A series circuit is one in which the components are chain connected, while a parallel circuit is one in which all the circuit components are connected between two common points. Series circuits and parallel circuits act as voltage divider circuits and current divider circuits, respectively. Read through this article to find out more about Current Division Rule and Voltage Division Rule. Current Division Rule A parallel circuit acts as a current divider as it divides the total ...
Read MoreDifference between Half Wave and Full Wave Rectifier
A rectifier is an electronic circuit that converts the alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). The process of conversion of alternating current into direct current is known as rectification. The rectifier consists of semiconductor diodes to perform the rectification.Depending upon the type of conversion of AC into DC, i.e., half cycle of AC into DC or full cycle of AC into DC, the rectifiers are classified into two categories viz. −Half Wave RectifierFull Wave RectifierIn this article, we will discuss about the differences between half-wave rectifier and full-wave rectifier. Also, we will briefly discuss about the half-wave rectifier and ...
Read MoreDifference between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductor
Semiconductor devices are extensively used in the field of electronics. A semiconductor is a substance whose resistivity lies between conductors and insulators. Semiconductors have negative temperature co-efficient. The resistance in semiconductors increases with the decrease in temperature and vice versa. The conducting properties of a semiconductor changes, when a suitable metallic impurity is added to it.In this article, we will highlight the major differences between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors by considering different parameters such as doping level, conductivity, charge density, etc.What is an Intrinsic Semiconductor?A semiconductor material in its pure form is known as an intrinsic semiconductor. Thus, the intrinsic ...
Read MoreDifference between Active and Passive Components (in Electronics)
In electrical and electronics engineering, the closed path followed by the electric current is known as electric circuit. Every electric circuit is composed of many circuit components such as sources of power, resistors, capacitors, inductors, diode, etc. Therefore, the circuit components are the basic building blocks of an electrical or electronic circuit.Depending upon the power delivering or absorbing ability, the circuit components can be classified in following two types −Active componentsPassive componentsThe most significant difference between active components and passive components is that an active component can supply power to an electric circuit, whereas a passive component cannot deliver power, ...
Read MoreWhat is Electrical Conductivity? – Principle, Formula and Applications
Electrical Conductivity is an important term used in electrical engineering to understand the behavior of a material and electric current flowing through it. Electric conductivity is the property of a material that provides ease in the flow of electric current through the material. Read this article to get a detailed understanding of "electric conductivity", from its definition to principle and its applications. Let us start with the basic definition of electrical conductivity. What is Electrical Conductivity? Electrical conductivity is defined as the property that provides ease in the flow of electric current (movement of electrons) through a material. Electrical conductivity ...
Read MoreRoot Mean Square Error (RMSE) in MATLAB
Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is an error estimation technique used to calculate the difference between estimated values and actual values. This method provides the average value of errors as a single value. We can use MATLAB to calculate the root mean square error. For this, MATLAB provides various built-in functions. In this tutorial, I will explain how to calculate the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) in MATLAB. What is Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)? The root mean square error (RMSE) is a method of measuring error or accuracy of a predictive tool or model. It is calculated by finding ...
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