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Articles by Bhanu Priya
Page 14 of 107
What is virtual circuit packet switching?
Virtual circuit packet switching is a connection-oriented packet switching technique where a logical path is established between the source and destination before data transmission begins. Unlike datagram switching, all packets in a virtual circuit follow the same predetermined route through the network. In virtual circuit switching, the network establishes a virtual connection that appears as a dedicated physical circuit between communicating devices. This logical path reserves resources and ensures packets arrive in the correct order at the destination. How Virtual Circuit Switching Works Virtual circuit packet switching operates through three distinct phases: Call Setup ...
Read MoreDifferentiate between piconet and scatternet
Let us understand the concept of piconet and scatternet before learning the differences between them. Piconet A piconet is a network created by connecting multiple wireless devices using Bluetooth technology. In a piconet network, one master device exists that can connect to up to 7 slave devices, forming a network of maximum 8 devices total. The master device controls communication and coordinates access to the shared radio channel. Due to the limited number of active devices, channel bandwidth utilization is conservative but sufficient for short-range applications. Piconet Structure ...
Read MoreWhat are the different access technologies in computer networks?
Access networks are the infrastructure that connects end users (homes, businesses, mobile devices) to their Internet Service Provider (ISP) or the broader internet. They represent the "last mile" connection between users and the core network infrastructure. Access networks serve as the bridge between end systems and the internet backbone, enabling users to send and receive data across global networks. The choice of access technology depends on factors like available infrastructure, required bandwidth, cost, and geographical location. Types of Access Technologies Modern access networks employ various technologies to provide connectivity: Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) − Uses ...
Read MoreWhat are the SONET/SDH standards in networking?
SONET (Synchronous Optical Network) and SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) are international standards for transmitting digital information over optical fiber networks. SONET is primarily used in North America, while SDH is the international standard used worldwide. These standards provide a framework for high-speed data transmission, offering cost-effective transport in both access and core network areas. The optical layer delivers services for synchronous transmission and performance monitoring across telecommunications networks. SONET/SDH Network Architecture Terminal Equipment Add/Drop Multiplexer ...
Read MoreWhat are the different types of ISDN?
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) is a telephone switched network that integrates voice and data transmission over digital lines simultaneously. It provides both circuit-switched and packet-switched network services, enabling multiple types of communication over a single connection. ISDN supports a comprehensive range of services including voice calls, video calls, electronic mail, database access, facsimile transmission, data transfer, internet connectivity, electronic fund transfer, and audio/video conferencing. ISDN Network Architecture User Equipment NT1 ...
Read MoreWhat is Dense Wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)?
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is a technology that multiplexes data signals from different sources so they can share a single optical fiber pair while maintaining complete separation of the data streams. DWDM can handle higher speed protocols up to 100 Gbps per channel, with each channel separated by only 0.8nm. Dense wavelength division multiplexing works on the same principle as CWDM but provides increased channel capacity and can be amplified to support much longer distances. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) λ1 (1530nm) ...
Read MoreWhat is DSL technology and differentiate between DSL modem and DSLAM?
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is a technology that transmits digital data over traditional copper telephone lines. DSL enables high-speed internet access by utilizing higher frequency ranges of the telephone line, allowing simultaneous voice and data transmission without interference. Unlike dial-up connections that monopolize the phone line, DSL technology uses frequency division to separate voice calls (low frequencies) and internet data (higher frequencies). This allows users to make phone calls while browsing the internet simultaneously. How DSL Works DSL operates by splitting the available bandwidth on copper telephone wires into different frequency ranges. Voice communication uses frequencies below ...
Read MoreWhat is CIDR and how it works?
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is a method for allocating IP addresses and routing internet traffic more efficiently than the traditional classful addressing system. CIDR allows network administrators to create custom-sized networks by specifying exactly how many bits are used for the network portion of an IP address. Unlike classful addressing (Class A, B, C), CIDR eliminates the rigid boundaries of predefined address classes, enabling more flexible and efficient use of IP address space. This approach significantly reduces IP address wastage by allocating only the exact number of addresses needed. How CIDR Works CIDR uses slash notation to ...
Read MoreWhat is BGP and why do we need it?
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information between different autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. It is classified as a path vector protocol, making routing decisions based on paths, network policies, and rule sets configured by network administrators. BGP is essential for Internet connectivity, as it enables different networks owned by various organizations to communicate and share routing information effectively. BGP: Connecting Autonomous Systems AS 100 ISP A R1 ...
Read MoreWhat is QOS and mobile and network QOS?
Let us understand the concept of Quality of Service (QoS) in networking and mobile communications. QoS in Networking Quality of Service (QoS) in networking refers to the ability of a network to provide reliable and predictable service levels to different types of traffic across various technologies including Ethernet, wireless, IP, and Asynchronous Transfer Mode. During network congestion, QoS mechanisms must account for various factors that cause performance degradation, such as limited bandwidth, high traffic on specific routes, or inefficient resource allocation. The routing protocol heavily impacts network QoS by determining how efficiently traffic is distributed across available ...
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