Introduction Somatic hybridization is a recent innovation in plant breeding that overcomes these limitations. Somatic hybridization is the fusion of two somatic cells from different plant species to produce a hybrid. In this process, the two parent plants are not crossed sexually; instead, their somatic cells are fused in vitro ... Read More

Introduction Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that are separate from the bacterial chromosome. They are found in bacteria and are capable of self-replication. Plasmids often carry genes that confer some selective advantage to the bacterium, such as antibiotic resistance. As such, they are important tools in genetic engineering and ... Read More

Introduction Ion exchange chromatography is a powerful technique for separating and purifying proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and other charged biomolecules based on their net charge. The technique involves the use of a stationary phase consisting of a resin with fixed charged groups that bind to the target molecules based ... Read More

Introduction Protoplast culture is a laboratory technique that involves the isolation of the plant cell from the cell wall. The protoplasts can then be cultured in vitro, allowing for the study of cellular processes, including cell division, differentiation, and regeneration. Protoplast The technique has many applications in plant biotechnology, ... Read More

Introduction Handling and sterilization of plant material is an important aspect of any laboratory or plant research facility. Plant material, such as leaves, stems, and seeds, can be contaminated with microbes and other pathogens that can affect the results of research. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of research, it ... Read More

Introduction Bacteriophages, or phage’s, are viruses that infect and replicate inside bacteria. They are widespread in nature and are found in almost every environment, including soil, water, and the human body. Phage’s have been used for over a century as a tool to study bacteria, and they have also been ... Read More

Introduction Transgenic organisms are living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially modified to introduce specific traits or characteristics. This can be done through genetic engineering, which involves the insertion of specific genes or DNA sequences into an organism's genome. Transgenic organisms have become increasingly important in various fields, including ... Read More

Embryo Rescue -A Milestone Embryo rescue is a technique that involves the rescue of developing embryos from immature or unpollinated ovules of sexually incompatible plant crosses. It enables the development of hybrid embryos that would otherwise not survive to maturity. Embryo rescue was first introduced in the early 20th century ... Read More

Cyborgs - An Insight With the increasing use of technology and artificial intelligence, the concept of Cyborgs has gained significant attention. Cyborgs, also known as Cyborg Hybrids, are a combination of biological and technological components. The term 'cyborg' refers to an organism that has both organic and synthetic parts, while ... Read More

Introduction Column chromatography is one of the most versatile and widely used techniques for separating and purifying mixtures of organic compounds. It is a type of liquid chromatography where the stationary phase is a solid adsorbent material packed into a column, and the mobile phase is a liquid or gas ... Read More