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Server Side Programming Articles
Page 1170 of 2109
Delete alternate nodes of a Linked List in C++
In this tutorial, we are going to learn how to delete all prime nodes from a singly linked list.Let's see the steps to solve the problem.Write struct with data and next pointer.Write a function to insert the node into the singly linked list.Initialize the singly linked list with dummy data.Iterate over the singly linked list.Delete alternate node by maintaining the previous node.Write a function to delete the node. Consider the following three cases while deleting the node.If the node is head node, then move the head to next node.If the node is middle node, then link the next node to ...
Read MoreHow to add a row in an R data frame at a specific place?
The data collected for the first time is utilised as it is but when we need to go for secondary data to conduct the same or similar study again, we can use new data as well as the primary data. In this type of situations, we might want to randomly organize data rows that includes new and old data. Also, there is a possibility of missing data row which is found at later stage in the study then it can be also added. Hence, a row might be required to added in the existing data frame. This can be done ...
Read MoreHow to increase the space between horizontal legends using ggplot2 in R?
Generally, the space between two legend entries is not large enough and it becomes difficult to read the legend names if the names are long. In this case, we need to increase the margin between the legend entries/names but this would be required when the legends are horizontally aligned as vertical legends can be read as it is. For this purpose, we can use legend.text argument inside theme function of ggplot2 package.ExampleConsider the below data frame −> x y df dfOutput x y 1 Male 501 2 Female 520Loading ggplot2 package ...
Read MoreHow to create a plot in base R with tick marks but excluding axes lines?
To create a plot with tick marks but without axes lines, we first need to create the plot without axes and then add the tick marks. This can be done with the help of plot function and axis function in base R. The axis function will help us to decide where do we need the tick marks and the ticks.Example1> plot(1:10,axes=FALSE) > axis(1,c(1:10),col=NA,col.ticks=1)OutputExample2> x xOutput[1] 5 2 1 2 1Example> plot(x,axes=FALSE) > axis(1,c(1:5),col=NA,col.ticks=1)Output
Read MoreHow to convert a matrix into a color matrix in R?
To convert a matrix into a color matrix, we can make use of image function. There are multiple ways for assigning the colors but the easiest one might be by defining the minimum and maximum value in the matrix. Also, we can do this by using the shades of a single color as shown in the example 3.Example1> M1 M1Output [, 1] [, 2] [, 3] [, 4] [, 5] [1, ] 6 3 5 4 3 [2, ] 9 4 5 2 5 [3, ] 3 2 6 ...
Read MoreHow to plot the confidence interval of the regression model using ggplot2 with transparency in R?
To plot the confidence interval of the regression model, we can use geom_ribbon function of ggplot2 package but by default it will have dark grey color. It can become transparent with the help of alpha argument inside the same function, the alpha argument can be adjusted as per our requirement but the most recommended value by me is 0.2.ExampleConsider the below data frame −> x y df dfOutput x y 1 22.67102 29.37057 2 21.59415 29.54027 3 20.56817 28.27672 4 24.97228 31.38193 5 21.41651 31.86811 6 23.94699 ...
Read MoreHow to create a line for equal values of x and y in scatterplot in R?
To create a line for equal values of x and y in scatterplot, we can make use of segments function in base R but this can be done after creating the plot with the help of plot function. The segments function has four arguments, x0, y0, x1, and y1, we need to put the same value in x0 and y0 and the same value in x1 and y1 to draw the appropriate line as shown in the below examples.Example1> x xOutput[1] -1.14191974 1.11554154 -0.01255755 1.18841175 1.11300329 -0.69925814 [7] -0.88000117 0.67830803 -0.91237446 -1.14223973Example> y yOutput[1] -1.69229826 -0.70352587 0.38544874 0.14022473 0.15490539 -0.25938630 ...
Read MoreHow to visualize a data frame that contains missing values in R?
If a data frame contains missing value then visualising it in base R is not easily possible but we can make use of visdat package for this purpose. The vis_dat function of visdat package helps to visualize any data frame even if it contains missing values. For example, if a data frame df contains missing value then it can be visualized as vis_dat(df).Example1Consider the below data frame −> x1 x2 x3 df1 df1Output x1 x2 x3 1 1 23 10 2 1 23 NA 3 NA NA 10 4 NA NA 10 5 1 24 NA 6 2 22 NA ...
Read MoreHow to create a plot title with unicode characters using ggplot2 in R?
If we want to use unicode characters in the title for a plot created with the help of ggplot2 package then the ggtitle function will be used combined with functions called expression and paste. Using the expression and paste functions, we can write unicode characters for the title of the plot. Check out the below examples to understand how it works.ExampleConsider the below data frame −> x y df dfOutput x y 1 3.4501307 6.354644 2 2.1561511 5.349282 3 4.5018653 6.080046 4 2.5512959 5.957558 5 3.6818738 5.749713 6 ...
Read MoreWhat are levels in a column of a data frame in R?
Most people get confused about levels and characters in R, especially the newbies. The difference is that levels specifically define the factor levels of a factor column and the characters are simple the character column that is not a factor or is not used as a factor but can be converted to a factor.ExampleConsider the below data frame −> x1 x2 df1 df1Outputx1 x2 1 B B 2 B A 3 D D 4 D C 5 C A 6 D C 7 A D 8 D B 9 D C 10 B B 11 C B 12 D A ...
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