Found 182 Articles for Programming Languages

Type checking is the activity of providing that the operands of an operator are of compatible types. A compatible type is one that is legal for the operator or is enabled under language rules to be implicitly modified by compiler-generated code to a legal type. This automatic conversion is known as coercion. A type error is the application of an operator to an operand of an improper type. It can illustrate the concept of type checking considers the following statement.c:=a + 3 * b;Here b should be of a type that allows multiplication by an integer. Similarly, the operands for ... Read More

DefinitionIt recognizes the code or data related to the name of the variable, function, class, etc. The definition is essentially needed by the compiler to designate the storage area for the declared entity. When a variable is defined it has an amount of memory that includes multiple bytes for that variable.A function definition generates code for the function. It can define a program element only once in a program because the definition is a unique requirement of a program element. The relationship between declaration and definition can be one-to-many.DeclarationIt can determine the names of the program including the name of ... Read More

The whole source program can be processed several times before generating the assembly/machine code.Pass − One complete scan or processing of the source program. Various phases can be arranged into one pass. Lexical, syntax & semantic analysis are often grouped in a single pass. Each pass reads the source program and writes output into an intermediate file, which then can be read by subsequent passes, i.e., the output of one pass will be input to the next pass.Single-Pass Compiler − In a single-pass compiler, when a line source is processed it is scanned and the tokens are extracted. Then the ... Read More

Solution                    Symbol TableS.NO.Variable NameVariable Type200AFloat204BFloat208CFloatNow, we will see how we can perform the compiler phase at each level and how it works.Lexical AnalysisThis is the first step that works as an integration between the compiler and the source language code. It reads the source code one character at a time and designs a source code into a series of atomic units known as tokens.In this phase, we will see how we can tokenize the expression.A → Identifier: (id, 1)= → Operator: AssignmentB → Identifier: (id, 2)* → Operator: MultiplicationC → Identifier: ... Read More

A translator is a programming language processor that modifies a computer program from one language to another. It takes a program written in the source program and modifies it into a machine program. It can find and detect the error during translation.There are various types of a translator which are as follows −Compiler − A compiler is a program that translates a high-level language (for example, C, C++, and Java) into a low-level language (object program or machine program). The compiler converts high-level language into the low-level language using various phases. A character stream inputted by the customer goes through ... Read More

A declaration in a program refers to a statement that provides the data about the name and type of data objects to the programming language translators. For example, consider the following C declaration −int a, b;This declaration provides the programming language translator with the information that a and b are the data objects of type integer that are needed during the execution of the subprogram. The declaration also defines the binding of the data objects to the name a and b during their lifetimes.Purposes of DeclarationThe various purposes of declarations are as follows −Type Checking − The declaration allows the ... Read More

An elementary data object includes a single data value and a class of elementary data objects with a set of operations for creating and manipulating them is represented as an elementary data type. An example of elementary data types such as integer, real, character, Boolean, pointer, etc.The basic components of elementary data types are as follows −Attributes − Attributes refers to characteristics or group of characteristics that distinguish one data object from others. The main attributes of a data object are its name, associated address, and data type. The following declaration in C.int a;It specifies that a data object named ... Read More

There are the various phases of the compiler which are as follows −Lexical Analysis (Scanner)It is also known as a scanner. This is the first step that works as an integration between the compiler and the source language code. It reads the source code one character at a time and designs a source code into a series of atomic units known as tokens.Each token defines a sequence of characters that can be considered as a single logical entity. It may be an identifier, keyword, constant, operators, and punctuation symbol such as , and ;.The character sequence constructing a token is ... Read More

A compiler is a computer program that changes source code written in a high-level language into low-level machine language. It translates the code written in one programming language to some other language without modifying the definition of the code. The compiler also produces the end code efficient which is optimized for execution time and memory space.There are various types of compilers which are as follows −Traditional Compilers(C, C++, and Pascal) − These compilers transform a source program in an HLL into its similar in native machine program or object program.Interpreters (LISP, SNOBOL, and Java1.0) − These Compilers first convert Source ... Read More

In a language processing system, the source code is first preprocessed. The modified source program is processed by the compiler to form the target assembly program which is then translated by the assembler to create relocatable object codes that are processed by linker and loader to create the target program. It is based on the input the translator takes and the output it produces, and a language translator can be defined as any of the following.High-Level Language − If a program includes #define or #include directives, including #include or #define, it is known as HLL.Pre-Processor − The pre-processor terminates all ... Read More