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Compiler Design Articles
Found 113 articles
What is the difference between One-Pass Compiler and Multi-Pass Compiler?
One-Pass CompilerOne pass compiler reads the code only once and then translates it. The one-pass compiler passes only once through the parts of each compilation unit. It can translate each part into its final machine program. In the one-pass compiler, when the line source is processed, it is scanned and the token is extracted. This is in contrast to a multi-pass compiler which modifies the program into one or more intermediate representations in steps between source program and machine program, and which convert the whole compilation unit in each sequential pass.A one-pass compiler is fast since all the compiler code ...
Read MoreWhat is the difference between Compiler and Interpreter?
Both compilers and interpreters are the language processors used to convert software codes written in high-level language into machine language codes. Compilers and interpreters are types of system software. They are required because a computer cannot process a code written in high-level programming language like C, C++, Java, etc. Therefore, we convert a HLL code into machine code for execution. In this article, we will highlight all the major differences between a compiler and an interpreter. Let's start with some basics so that it will become easier to understand their differences. What is a Compiler? A language processor ...
Read MoreConstruct a Predictive Parsing table for the following grammar & also check whether string \\nid + id * id is accepted or not.
Problem − Consider the following grammar − E → TE′ E′ → +TE′|ε T′ → FT′ T′ → FT′|ε F → (E)|id Solution − Step1− Elimination of Left Recursion & perform Left Factoring As there is no left recursion in Grammar so, we will proceed as it is. Also, there is no need for Left Factoring. Step2− Computation of FIRST FIRST(E) = FIRST(T) = FIRST(F) = {(, id} FIRST (E′) = {+, ε} FIRST (T′) = {*, ε} Step3− Computation of FOLLOW FOLLOW (E) = FOLLOW(E′) = {), $} FOLLOW (T) = FOLLOW(T′) = {+, ), $} FOLLOW (F) = ...
Read MoreWhat is LEX?
It is a tool or software which automatically generates a lexical analyzer (finite Automata). It takes as its input a LEX source program and produces lexical Analyzer as its output. Lexical Analyzer will convert the input string entered by the user into tokens as its output.LEX is a program generator designed for lexical processing of character input/output stream. Anything from simple text search program that looks for pattern in its input-output file to a C compiler that transforms a program into optimized code.In program with structure input-output two tasks occurs over and over. It can divide the input-output into meaningful ...
Read MoreWhat is Input Buffering in Compiler Design?
Lexical Analysis has to access secondary memory each time to identify tokens. It is time-consuming and costly. So, the input strings are stored into a buffer and then scanned by Lexical Analysis.Lexical Analysis scans input string from left to right one character at a time to identify tokens. It uses two pointers to scan tokens −Begin Pointer (bptr) − It points to the beginning of the string to be read.Look Ahead Pointer (lptr) − It moves ahead to search for the end of the token.Example − For statement int a, b;Both pointers start at the beginning of the string, which ...
Read MoreWhat is techniques of storage allocation in compiler design?
There are various storage allocation techniques are as follows −Static AllocationIt is the simplest allocation scheme in which allocation of data objects is done at compile time because the size of every data item can be determined by the compiler.Recursive Subprogram and Arrays of adjustable length are not permitted in a language. In static allocation, the compiler can decide the amount of storage needed by each data object. Thus, it becomes easy for a compiler to identify the address of these data in the activation record.FORTRAN uses this kind of storage allocation strategies.AdvantagesIt is easy to implement.It allows type checking ...
Read MoreWhat is Syntax Tree?
Tree in which each leaf node describes an operand & each interior node an operator. The syntax tree is shortened form of the Parse Tree.Example1 − Draw Syntax Tree for the string a + b ∗ c − d.Rules for constructing a syntax treeEach node in a syntax tree can be executed as data with multiple fields. In the node for an operator, one field recognizes the operator and the remaining field includes a pointer to the nodes for the operands. The operator is known as the label of the node. The following functions are used to create the nodes ...
Read MoreConvert the following LEX program into Lexical Analyzer.\\nAUXILIARY DEFINITIONS\\n −\\n −\\n −\\nTRANSLATION RULES\\n a{ }\\n abb{ }\\n a*b+
SolutionConvert the pattern into NFA’sMake a Combined NFAConvert NFA to DFAA = ε − closure (0) = {0, 1, 3, 7}The transition on symbols a, b from state AFor State Aε − closure (Ta) ε − closure (Tb)= ε − closure ({2, 4, 7}) = ε − closure ({8})= {2, 4, 7} = B = {8} = CFor State Bε − closure (7) ...
Read MoreWhat is Implementation of Block Structured Language in compiler design?
A block is a statement containing its own local data declaration. The concept of a block is originated with ALGOL. The block-structured language permits an array with adjustable length. The main feature of blocks is their bracketing structure (begin and end used in ALGOL) in which they can define their data.Activation Record for Block Structured LanguagesBlock structured language like ALGOL, and PL/I permit adjustable arrays, i.e., of varying length. Therefore, we cannot store irregular size arrays in between activation records. It can allocate the flexible or variable arrays at one corner of the activation record or above the fixed-size data. ...
Read MoreWhat is syntax-directed translation schemes in compiler design?
It is a kind of notation in which each production of Context-Free Grammar is related with a set of semantic rules or actions, and each grammar symbol is related to a set of Attributes. Thus, the grammar and the group of semantic Actions combine to make syntax-directed definitions.The translation may be the generation of intermediate code, object code, or adding the information in symbol table about constructs type. The modern compiler uses the syntax-directed translation that makes the user’s life easy by hiding many implementation details and free the user from having to specify explicitly the order in which semantic ...
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