Operating System Articles - Page 165 of 201

A fully interconnected network was limited in this topology by using an individual cable around all nodes. Thus in this topology, only one line is shared by all nodes. Whenever any network transmits a message, it keeps both the sender address and the destination or receiver address as tags.The message rides on the single line, and as the receiver receives the message, it acknowledges in the response of the same message on same on the line along with both addresses. Before sending a message, it is always checked whether the connection line is free or not. If the line is ... Read More

In this topology, every node is connected using a separate physical link. Each computer network has a direct dedicated link, i.e., point to point connection with all other network computers. Each computer has its control and decision power for communication priorities.It is a very reliable topology because any transmission line’s failure only affects the transmission between the two connected computers. The communication or message is high-speed and has mostly a full-duplex mode, but at the same time, a large number of communication lines make the network costly as for nodes lines or links are required.AdvantagesThe advantages of the tree network ... Read More

There are various functions of WAN, which are as follows −Remote Data and Job EntryIt is feasible to introduce the information on the sales and transactions at the sale terminals using WANs. It is also possible to centralize this information in a computer for processing or broadcasting purposes. For example, supermarkets in different cities linked through WANs can transmit all sales information from their remote sale centers. The central purchase and distribution center can supervise all the sale figures on a regular daily basis.Centralizing InformationIt is convenient for a business to centralize regional information. For example, auto-parts dealers can help ... Read More

A wide area network is a connection of two or more computers that are geographically disappearing. It has a long-distance connection than LAN. It uses public networks like a telephone system or microwave broadcast for connection facilities.Types of WANFollowing are the types of WAN −Enterprise WAN − These computers are located in different geographical regions that belong to one organization. It is for authorized persons only.Global WAN − It belongs to a different group of organizations. It is accessible to everyone. It is created by both LANs and MANs.They use radio waves, microwaves or communication satellites for data transmission. The ... Read More

A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a larger geographic range by joining a multiple LAN to form a larger network. MAN usually connects multiple local area networks (LANs), using fiber optic cables, with a high-compact network framework. It can support uplinks to the wireless networks and the computer network. The MAN is set up in an area of more than 100 kilometres. It can include a combination of several hardware components and communication media.It can relate to various LANs in a city. Suppose we have other branches of a company. We require to attach all those branches, ... Read More

Following are the advantages and disadvantages of LAN −Advantages of LANThere are various advantages of LAN, which are as follows −Inexpensive transmission media.It can simplify the physical association of a device to the media.It is used to high data transmission rates.Network data transmission is independent of the connected devices rates, making it accessible for the one-speed device to send data to another speed device.A large rate of interconnection between devices.Each connected device has the potential to interact with another device on the network.It is flexible and growth-oriented.It allows file locking.It provides full proof of the security system against illegal access ... Read More

A local area network is a comparatively lesser and privately-owned network with the highest duration of 10km to support local connectivity within a building or limited geographical area.In private offices, this type of networking is trendy and effectively used. They are generally used to interface with personal computers and buildings, incorporate workplaces and industry to share resources and transfer data.The figure shows a LAN having computers from several departments like Sales, Finance, Production, Publication, etc.Features of LANLimited Geographic LimitsA LAN is constructed for a limited area. It usually traverses a single frequency workgroup floor in a building or on campus ... Read More

In this architecture, a specific computer is known as a server, specially designated to provide various services to other computers known as clients. In simple terms, the server can be defined as a provider of services, and the client can be a requester to services. The client requests any information from the server, and the server, in turn, responds to the client request, as shown in the below figure −The most common client-server arrangement method is a LAN made out of microcomputers linked to a network server, which serves all LAN clients.Classifications of Client/Server ArchitectureFollowing is the classification of Client/Server ... Read More

A network model represents the organization of multiple computers in a network. It describes how individual computers are interconnected in a network.The computer network architecture is as follows −Centralized Computing ArchitectureIn centralized computing architecture, one powerful computer is used to serve one or more low powered computers. In the centralized model, the nodes are not connected; they are only connected to the server.The centralized computing architecture contains the following −All processing holds a function in the central, mainframe computer.Terminals are linked to the central computer and operation just as input/output devices.Networks can be employed to interconnect at least two mainframe ... Read More

The main goals of computer networks are as follows −Resource SharingThe main goal of the computer network is Resource Sharing. It is to create all the programs, data and hardware accessible to anyone on the network without considering the resource’s physical area and the client.Saving MoneyThe second goal of a computer network is saving money. Small computers have a much excellent value proportion than higher ones. Mainframes are approximately a method ten times quicker than the quickest single-chip microprocessors, but they cost a huge number of times more.This imbalance has made numerous system designers build systems, including dynamic personal computers, ... Read More