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Operating System Articles
Page 159 of 171
How to Install Airsonic Media Server on CentOS 7
Airsonic is an open-source web-based media server that allows users to manage, stream, and share their audio and video files. It is a versatile and powerful tool, with support for various media formats, as well as integration with third-party services like Last.fm and Tidal. This guide walks you through the complete process of installing Airsonic on a CentOS 7 system. Prerequisites Before starting, ensure that you have − A CentOS 7 system with root or sudo access. A stable internet connection. Basic knowledge of command line. Step 1: ...
Read MoreConnecting From Docker Containers to Resources in Host
Docker containers are isolated environments that run applications separately from the host system. While this isolation provides security and consistency, there are legitimate scenarios where containers need to access host resources such as databases, files, or services. This article explores various methods to establish connectivity between Docker containers and host system resources. Host Network Access The simplest approach is to configure containers to use the host network directly. This removes network isolation and allows the container to access all host services as if running natively on the host. docker run --network=host my-container Use case: ...
Read MoreStorage Device Hierarchy
Computer storage has components that store computer data. The storage device hierarchy organizes these components based on speed, cost, and capacity. The hierarchy follows a trade-off principle: faster storage is more expensive and has lower capacity, while slower storage is cheaper with higher capacity. Storage Device Hierarchy CPU Registers Cache Memory Primary Storage (RAM) ...
Read MoreComputer Storage Definitions and Notations
Computer storage contains many components that are used to store computer data. Understanding the different types of storage devices and their capacity measurements is essential for working with modern computing systems. Computer Storage Types Computer storage devices are classified into Primary and Secondary Storage devices based on their accessibility by the CPU and data permanence. Computer Storage Hierarchy Computer Storage Primary Storage Secondary Storage ...
Read MoreComputer System Organisation
The computer system is a combination of many parts such as peripheral devices, secondary memory, CPU, device controllers, and a shared memory bus. These components work together to execute programs and handle input/output operations. Computer System Organisation The following diagram shows how the CPU, memory, and I/O device controllers are connected through a common system bus − Computer System Organisation CPU Processor Memory RAM Disk Controller ...
Read MoreOperating system time slicing in round robin scheduling
Round Robin (RR) is a CPU scheduling algorithm where each process is assigned a fixed time slot called a time slice (or time quantum). The CPU cycles through all ready processes in order, giving each one the time slice. If a process does not finish within its time slice, it is moved to the back of the queue and the next process gets the CPU. This is one of the simplest and most widely used scheduling algorithms in operating systems, especially in time-sharing systems where fair CPU allocation is important. How Round Robin Scheduling Works The scheduler ...
Read MoreWhat is the difference between time.clock() and time.time()?
The function time.time() returns the time in seconds since the epoch, i.e., the point where the time starts. For Unix and Windows, the epoch is January 1, 1970 (UTC). The function time.clock() was used to measure processor time on Unix and wall-clock time on Windows. However, time.clock() was deprecated in Python 3.3 and removed in Python 3.8. The recommended replacements are time.perf_counter() for wall-clock timing and time.process_time() for CPU time. Syntax import time time.time() # Wall-clock time since epoch time.perf_counter() # ...
Read MoreDifference Between Interrupt and Polling in OS
An operating system acts as a bridge between hardware and applications. The CPU handles all system tasks, but sometimes situations arise when it's required to interrupt the currently running task and take rapid action. Therefore, operating systems use two methods: interrupt and polling for dealing with such events. Both methods pause the CPU from its current work and make it execute essential tasks. Both interrupt and polling differ significantly from each other in several ways. In this article, we will discuss the important differences between interrupt and polling in operating systems. What is Interrupt? A signal to ...
Read MoreWhat is Analog to Digital Conversion?
Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC) is the process of converting continuous analog signals into discrete digital signals. This conversion is essential in digital communication systems to enable processing, transmission, and storage of analog information in digital format. Consider human speech, which naturally exists as an analog signal with continuous variations in amplitude and frequency. To transmit or process this voice digitally, we need to convert the analog signal into a series of discrete digital values that are less susceptible to noise and distortion. Analog to Digital Conversion Process ...
Read MoreWhat is High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)?
High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a bit-oriented data link layer protocol standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It enables reliable, high-speed communication by providing error detection, flow control, and frame sequencing for data transmission between network devices. HDLC was developed based on IBM's Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) protocol. Unlike character-oriented protocols, HDLC can transmit bit strings of variable length, making it more flexible and efficient. The basic unit of data communication in HDLC is called a frame. HDLC Frame Types HDLC defines three types of frames to support different communication modes and configurations: ...
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