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Operating System Articles
Page 161 of 171
What is the session layer?
The session layer is the fifth layer in the OSI model that manages sessions or dialogues between applications on different devices. It establishes, controls, and terminates connections between end systems, ensuring proper communication flow throughout the data exchange process. This layer acts as a crucial intermediary between the transport layer (Layer 4) and the presentation layer (Layer 6), handling session management while the transport layer focuses on reliable data delivery and the presentation layer handles data formatting. Session Layer in OSI Model Layer 6: Presentation Layer ...
Read MoreWhat is infrared transmission?
Infrared (IR) transmission is a wireless communication method that uses electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from 300 GHz to 400 THz (wavelengths from 1mm to 770 nm). IR transmission employs line-of-sight propagation, meaning the transmitter and receiver must have a clear, unobstructed path between them. A fundamental characteristic of infrared light is its inability to penetrate walls, which makes it naturally confined within rooms or enclosed spaces. This property provides inherent security benefits for indoor communications but limits its range to short-distance applications. Infrared Transmission Characteristics IR Device A ...
Read MoreWhat is Data Switching?
Data switching is the process of forwarding data from one network node to another within a computer network. When data needs to travel from a source device to a destination device across multiple network segments, switching enables this communication by establishing temporary or permanent paths between the communicating devices. A switch is a network device that operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. Unlike hubs that simply repeat data to all connected devices, switches intelligently forward data only to the intended recipient, creating dedicated communication paths and reducing network congestion. How Data Switching ...
Read MoreDifferentiate between Circuit Switching, Message Switching, and Packet Switching
Circuit switching, message switching, and packet switching are three fundamental approaches used in telecommunications networks to establish communication paths and transfer data between devices. Each method has distinct characteristics regarding how connections are established, data is transmitted, and network resources are utilized. Circuit Switching In circuit switching, a dedicated physical path is established between the sender and receiver before any data transmission begins. This dedicated route remains active throughout the entire communication session and is released only after the connection is terminated. The traditional telephone network (PSTN) is the most common example of circuit switching. When you ...
Read MoreWhy do we need Computer Networks?
In today's technology-oriented world, sharing has become an integral part of businesses and other activities. This sharing can be achieved through computer networking. A computer network is a system that links two or more computers to share files, resources, and communication channels. Computer networks have revolutionized how we work, communicate, and access information. Let's explore the key reasons why computer networks are essential in modern computing environments. Benefits of Computer Networks File Sharing Resource Sharing ...
Read MoreWhat are the goals of Computer Network?
The main goals of computer networks are to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance communication capabilities across organizations and individuals. These fundamental objectives drive the design and implementation of modern network infrastructure. Key Goals of Computer Networks Resource Sharing Cost Savings High Reliability Enhanced Performance Communication Medium ...
Read MoreWhat is Computer Network Architecture?
A network model represents the organization of multiple computers in a network. It describes how individual computers are interconnected and communicate with each other to share resources and services. Computer network architecture defines the structural design and operational framework that governs how networked systems interact. Let's explore the main types of network architectures. Centralized Computing Architecture In centralized computing architecture, one powerful computer (mainframe) serves multiple low-powered client devices. All processing power and data storage are concentrated in the central server. Central processing − All computational tasks are performed by the mainframe computer. Terminal connections ...
Read MoreWhat is Client-Server Architecture in Computer Network?
In Client-Server Architecture, a specific computer designated as a server provides various services to other computers known as clients. The server acts as a service provider, while the client acts as a service requester. When a client requests information from the server, the server processes the request and responds with the appropriate data or service. Client-Server Architecture Client 1 Client 2 Server Provides ...
Read MoreWhat is LAN (Local Area Network) in Computer Network?
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a computer network that connects devices within a limited geographical area, typically spanning a single building, office, or campus. LANs are privately owned networks that enable local connectivity and resource sharing among connected devices. LANs are commonly used in homes, offices, schools, and small businesses to connect personal computers, printers, servers, and other network devices. They facilitate efficient data transfer and resource sharing within the local environment. Local Area Network (LAN) Structure Switch/Hub ...
Read MoreWhat are the Advantages and Disadvantages of LAN in Computer Network?
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a computer network that connects devices within a limited geographical area such as a building, office, or campus. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of LAN helps organizations make informed decisions about network implementation. LAN Network Components Computer 1 Computer 2 Printer Server Switch Advantages of LAN ...
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