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Operating System Articles
Page 157 of 171
Differentiate between the long-term, short-term, and medium-term schedulers.
Before working on the difference between all three schedulers, let us recall the concept of process scheduler. Process scheduler is a part of the Operating system which schedules processes. If the process is in ready, waiting and running state, it schedules it correctly and is also responsible for the allocation of the CPU processor to a specific task within a time interval. Also, when the task or process is completed it doesn't allow the CPU to sit idle. It will allocate the other task depending on its current state. If the process was in ready state it will ...
Read MoreHow to create a symbolic link to a directory in Ubuntu?
Symbolic links (symlinks) in Linux are advanced shortcuts that point to another file or directory on your system. A symbolic link appears to be the same as the original file or directory it references, even though it's simply a pointer. This powerful feature allows you to create references to files and directories located elsewhere in the filesystem. What are Symbolic Links? Symbolic links are essentially file system objects that contain a path to another file or directory. When you access a symbolic link, the operating system automatically redirects you to the target location. This is particularly useful for ...
Read MoreExclude Multiple Patterns With Grep on Linux
Grep is a powerful command-line utility on Linux that allows users to search for patterns in text files. It is widely used for tasks such as searching log files for specific strings, filtering configuration files, or extracting information from large datasets. One of the useful features of grep is the ability to exclude multiple patterns from the search results, which helps filter out irrelevant or unwanted lines. Excluding a Single Pattern with Grep The easiest way to exclude a pattern from a grep search is to use the -v option (invert match). This option tells grep to display ...
Read MoreWhat is operating system design and implementation?
Operating system design and implementation refers to the systematic approach of creating an OS that efficiently manages computer resources while meeting user requirements. Proper design ensures the system works reliably, can be easily maintained, and adapts to changing hardware and software environments. The design and implementation process involves careful planning of system architecture, defining core mechanisms, and translating theoretical designs into working code. Without this structured approach, an operating system cannot provide reliable services or scale to meet modern computing demands. Design Goals Design goals establish the fundamental objectives that guide OS development. These goals ensure the ...
Read MoreWhat is memory hierarchy?
The memory hierarchy is a pyramid-like structure that organizes different types of computer memory based on their speed, cost, and capacity. It arranges storage devices from fastest to slowest, creating an efficient balance between performance and cost in computer systems. Memory Hierarchy Structure Memory Hierarchy Pyramid CPU Registers Cache Memory Main Memory (RAM) Secondary Storage Tertiary Storage Fastest, Most Expensive Very Fast, ...
Read MoreWhat is computer architecture?
Computer architecture is a set of rules and methods that describe the functionality, organization, and implementation of computer systems. It defines how a system performs operations and executes instructions, serving as the blueprint for building and understanding computers. Sub-divisions of Computer Architecture Computer architecture can be divided into three main categories − Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) − Defines the interface between software and hardware. It specifies the instructions a processor can execute, data types, registers, memory addressing modes, and interrupt handling. The ISA acts as a contract between software programmers and hardware designers. Microarchitecture − Describes ...
Read MoreRun a Script on Startup in Linux
There are several ways to run a script on startup in Linux, depending on your specific distribution and the type of script you are trying to run. Each method has its own advantages and is suitable for different use cases. Methods Overview Method Best For Linux Systems User Level systemd System services, daemons Modern distributions System-wide cron (@reboot) Simple scripts, scheduled tasks All distributions User or system rc.local Quick system scripts Traditional systems System-wide init.d Legacy system services Older distributions System-wide .bashrc/.bash_profile User-specific ...
Read MoreHow to Change the Default Home Directory of a User on Linux?
When you create a user on a Linux system, that user is given a default home directory. This home directory is a personal space where the user can store their files and settings. Sometimes it may be necessary to change a user's default home directory on a Linux system. This could be because you want to provide a different location for the user's files or because you want to change the user's name and update the home directory accordingly. Prerequisites Before you get started, there are some prerequisites you should be aware of − You must ...
Read MoreDistributed Systems
A distributed system contains multiple nodes that are physically separate but linked together using the network. All the nodes in this system communicate with each other and handle processes in tandem. Each of these nodes contains a small part of the distributed operating system software. Distributed System Architecture Network Node 1 OS Part A Node 2 OS Part ...
Read MoreCount lines in a file using Linux bash
Counting lines in a file is a fundamental task in Linux system administration and text processing. Whether you're analyzing log files, processing data, or managing configuration files, knowing how to quickly determine the number of lines helps with file size estimation and data analysis. Linux provides several built-in commands to accomplish this task efficiently. Sample File Setup For demonstration, we'll use a text file called programming.txt containing popular programming languages: $ cat programming.txt JavaScript Java C Python C# PHP C++ Go R Ruby This file contains 10 lines. Let's explore different methods to count ...
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