Article Categories
- All Categories
-
Data Structure
-
Networking
-
RDBMS
-
Operating System
-
Java
-
MS Excel
-
iOS
-
HTML
-
CSS
-
Android
-
Python
-
C Programming
-
C++
-
C#
-
MongoDB
-
MySQL
-
Javascript
-
PHP
-
Economics & Finance
Network Articles
Page 50 of 66
How to Control Common Bus in Computer Architecture?
A bus is a structure that handles the data transmission in a computer system or network. The common bus of 16-bit is controlled by the selection inputs S2, S1 , and, S0.Each binary number is associated with a Boolean variable x1 through x7, corresponding to the gate structure that must be active to select the register or memory for the bus.For example, when x1 = 1, the value of S2, S1 , and, S0 must be 001 and the output of AR will be selected for the bus.The decimal number shown with each bus input indicates the binary equivalent that ...
Read MoreWhat is control of Single Flip-Flops?
Flip flops are an application of logic gates. A flip-flop is a basic memory element that can save one bit of data. Flip flop has two stable states. One of the stable states is called SET or 1. The other stable state is known as RESET, CLEAR, or 0.A flip-flop circuit can stay in a binary state continually (as long as power is transferred to the circuit) before conducted by an input signal to switch states. The control gates for the seven flip-flops can be determined similarly. For example, the table shows that IEN may change as a result of ...
Read MoreWhat is control of Register and Memory in Computer Architecture?
The control inputs to registers and memory are −Load (LD) − When it is enabled, the content from the source register or memory can be transferred to/from the bus.Increment (INR) − It can increment the register by 1.Clear (CLR) − It can clear the register.The figure shows a scheme for the control of registers and memory.As shown in the diagram, all the register transfer statements are checked originally which modifies the content of AR.The instructions are as follows −R′T0:AR ← PCR′T2:AR ← IR(0 − 11)D′7IT3 :AR ← M[AR]RT0:AR ← 0D5T4:AR ← AR + 1The first three statements determine the transfer ...
Read MoreDiscuss the various Input-Output Instructions in Computer Architecture?
The instructions and data that have to be calculated should be entered into the computer by the various medium. The results should be provided to the user by a medium. The Input/output structure of the computer supports a method to communicate with the external world and prepare the operating frameworks with the data it requires to handle the I/O activity efficiently.Input-Output ConfigurationThe figure displays an illustration of the input and output device. The input device is the keyboard and the output device is the printer. The terminals are the keyboard and printer. They send and receive the data consecutively.The data ...
Read MoreWhat are Memory Reference Instructions?
Memory reference instructions are those commands or instructions which are in the custom to generate a reference to the memory and approval to a program to have an approach to the commanded information and that states as to from where the data is cache continually. These instructions are known as Memory Reference Instructions.There are seven memory reference instructions which are as follows &ANDThe AND instruction implements the AND logic operation on the bit collection from the register and the memory word that is determined by the effective address. The result of this operation is moved back to the register.ADDThe ADD ...
Read MoreWhat is Design of Control Unit in Computer Architecture?
A control unit drives the corresponding processing hardware by generating a set of signals that are in sync with the master clock. The two major operations performed by the control unit are instruction interpretation and instruction sequencing.The main function of a control unit is to fetch the data from the main memory, determine the devices and the operations involved with it, and produce control signals to execute the operations.Types of Control UnitThere are two types of control organization that are as follows −Hardwired ControlIn the hardwired organization, the control logic is executed with gates, flip-flops, decoders, and other digital circuits. ...
Read MoreWhat are Computer Instructions?
A computer has programs stored in its RAM in the form of 1s and 0s that are interpreted by the CPU as instructions. One word of RAM includes one instruction in the machine language.These instructions are loaded to the CPU one at a time, where it receives decoded and implemented. A basic computer has three instruction code formats such as the memory reference instruction, the register reference instruction, and the input-output instruction format.Memory Reference InstructionA memory-reference instruction uses 12 bits to specify an address and one bit to determine the addressing mode I. I is the same as 0 for ...
Read MoreWhat is the Evolution of Computer Architecture?
The term ‘computer architecture’ was coined in 1964 by the ‘chief architects’ of the IBM System/360 in a paper announcing the most successful family of computers ever built. The interpretation includes the definitions of the registers, memory, the instruction set, instruction formats, addressing modes, and the actual coding of the instructions excluding implementation and realization.In 1947, with the creation of transistors, which were a fraction of the estimate of the vacuum tubes and exhausted less power, using transistors for evaluating became simpler, but still, the complex circuits were not simple to manage.The creation of Integrated Circuits in 1958, transformed the ...
Read MoreWhat is Common Bus System in Computer Architecture?
A pair of signal lines that facilitate the transfer of multi-bit data from one system to another is known as a bus.The diagram demonstrates three master devices as M3, M6, and M4.The master device start and controls the connection. S7, S5, and S2 are slave devices. Slave devices counter to the commands provided by master devices. If M3 needs to offer a command to S5, it should transfer its instruction by the bus.Therefore, the S5 holds the instruction and takes a response to the instruction by the bus.A basic computer includes eight registers, a memory unit, and a control unit. ...
Read MoreWhat is Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit in Computer Architecture?
A computer systems create use of several storage registers that are linked to a typical operational unit is known as the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU). ALU is the central and one of the most essential units internal the CPU of the computer.All the logical and numerical operations of a computer are implemented here. The contents of a particular register are arranged in the input of ALU. ALU implements the given operation and then transfers it to the target register.The one stage of an arithmetic logic shift unit is demonstrated in the figure. The subscript i nominate a frequent stage. ...
Read More