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Page 52 of 66
What is Binary Decoder?
A binary decoder is a decoder that has an n-bit binary input code and one activated output which is chosen from output codes. This decoder is accessible in instances where it is important to simulate directly one of the outputs based on an n-bit input value. In a 2 to 4 decoder, 2 inputs are decoded into four outputs, each output describing one of the min-terms of the 2 input variables. The two inverters support the complement of the inputs and each one of the four AND gates creates one of the min-terms.The diagram shows the circuit diagram of a ...
Read MoreWhat are Binary Counters?
A register that goes through a fixed series of states upon the software of input pulses is known as a counter. The input pulses can be clock pulses or can emerge from an outside source. They can appear at orderly intervals of time or at random.Counters are initiate in almost all apparatus including digital logic. It can be used for counting the multiple occurrences of an event and are beneficial for producing timing signals to regulate the sequence of operations in digital computers. There are multiple sequences that a counter can follow and the consecutive binary sequence is clean and ...
Read MoreWhat is Shift Register?
A register adequate for changing its binary data in one or both directions is known as a shift register. The logical design of a shift register includes a series of flip-flops, with the output of one flip-flop linked to the input of the next flip-flop.Operations of Shift RegisterThere are various modes of operations of shift registers which are as follows −Serial-In Serial-Out Shift RegisterThe controlling of shifting of information decides the ‘serial-in serial-out’ shift register into the right shift and left shift register. The diagram demonstrates a ‘serial-in serial-out’ right shift register.During the first clock pulse, the signal on the ...
Read MoreWhat are Registers?
A register is a set of flip-flops with each flip-flop adequate for saving one bit of data. An n-bit register has a set of n flip-flops and is adequate for saving any binary data of n bits. In the flip-flops, a register can have combinational gates that implement specific data-processing operations.A register includes a set of flip-flops and gates that influence their change. The flip-flops manage the binary data and the gates control when and how current data is moved into the register.There are multiple kinds of registers that are accessible economically. The elementary register includes just flip-flops, with no ...
Read MoreExplain the performance of Addition and Subtraction with signed magnitude data in computer architecture?
A signed-magnitude method is used by computers to implement floating-point operations. Signed-2’s complement method is used by most computers for arithmetic operations executed on integers. In this approach, the leftmost bit in the number is used for signifying the sign; 0 indicates a positive integer, and 1 indicates a negative integer. The remaining bits in the number supported the magnitude of the number.Example: -2410 is defined as −10011000In this example, the leftmost bit 1 defines negative, and the magnitude is 24.The magnitude for both positive and negative values is the same, but they change only with their signs.The range of ...
Read MoreWhat are the functions of Scheduling Model in computer architecture?
A scheduling system consists of program tasks, a target machine, and a schedule in which a specific performance criterion is optimized.Program Tasks − The characteristics of a parallel program can be defined as the system (T,
Read MoreWhat is scheduling problem in computer architecture?
The general scheduling problem has been described in different ways in different fields. The classical problem of job sequencing in production management has influenced most of the solutions to this problem, which generally assumes a set of resources that could provide service to a set of consumers. The main objective is to find an efficient policy for managing the access to the resources by the consumers to optimize some desired performance measures.In distributed systems, the scheduling problem arises because the concurrent parts of a program or set of programs must be arranged in time and space so that the overall ...
Read MoreWhat are the methods of cache-coherency in computer architecture?
There are two methods of cache-coherency which are as follows −Cache–Memory CoherenceIn a single cache system, coherence between memory and the cache is maintained using one of two policies − (1) write-through, and (2) write-back. When a task running on a processor P requests the data in memory location X, for example, the contents of X are copied to the cache, where it is passed on to P.When P updates the value of X in the cache, the other copy in memory also needs to be updated to maintain consistency. In write-through, the memory is updated every time the cache ...
Read MoreWhat is shared-memory model in computer architecture?
A shared memory model is one in which processors connects by reading and writing locations in a shared memory that is similarly applicable by all processors. Each processor can have registers, buffers, caches, and local memory banks as more memory resources. Some basic issues in the design of shared-memory systems have to be taken into consideration. These involves access control, synchronization, protection, and security.Access control specifies which process accesses are achievable to which resources. Access control models create the needed check for each access request issued by the processors to the shared memory, against the contents of the access control ...
Read MoreWhat is Character Oriented Protocol in computer architecture?
The character-oriented protocol is depends the binary code of a character set. The code generally used is ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). It is a 7-bit code with an eighth bit used for parity. The code has 128 characters, of which 95 are graphic characters and 33 are control characters. The graphic characters involves the upper- and lowercase letters, the ten numerals, and multiple unique symbols.The control characters are used to route information, organizing the test in the desired structure, and for the design of the printed page. The characters that control the transmission are known as communication ...
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