Found 1627 Articles for Computer Network

Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is limited by the equipment’s ability to distinguish the small phase difference. This factor is responsible for determining its potential bit rate. Quadrature amplitude modulation can be defined as a consolidation of ASK and PSK so that a maximum difference between each signal unit (bit, dibit, tribit, and so on) is accomplished.IN QAM, there are several possible variations. Suppose any measurable number of amplitude changes can be mixed with any measurable number of phase modifies. The figure shows 2 possible configurations, 4-QAM and 8-QAM.In both methods, the number of amplitude switch is less than the number ... Read More

In phase-shift keying (PSK), the carrier phase is different to describe binary 1 or 0. Both peak amplitude and frequency remain constant as the process modifies. For example, if we begin with 0 degrees to define binary 0, we can adjust the procedure to 180 degrees to transmit binary 1. During each bit duration, the signal phase is fixed, and its cost is based on the bit (0 or 1).The diagram shows a conceptual view of PSK −The following technique is known as 2-PSK, or binary PSK because two multiple procedures (0 and 180 degrees) are used. Figures make this ... Read More

In frequency-shift keying (FSK), the carrier signal frequency is varied to illustrate binary 1 or 0. The frequency of the signal during each bit period is constant, and its value based on the bit (0 or 1) both peak amplitude and phase remain constant.The figure provides the conceptual view of FSK −FSK prevents most of the noise issues of ASK. Because the receiving device considers definite frequency changes over a given number of time, it can neglect voltage spikes. The limiting aspects of FSK are the physical efficiency of the carrier.Bandwidth for FSKAlthough FSK changes between two carrier frequencies, it ... Read More

In amplitude shift keying (ASK), the carrier signal’s strength varies to describe binary 1 or 0. Both frequency and phase remain constant while the amplitude modifies. A bit duration is a time that represents one bit. The signal’s peak amplitude during each bit duration is continuous, and its value is based on the bit (0 or 1). The speed of communication using ASK is defined by the physical features of the transmission medium.The figure shows a conceptual view of ASK −ASK is hugely susceptible to noise interference. The noise defines unintentional voltages defined onto a line by several phenomena, including ... Read More

Digital-to-Analog conversion or digital-to-analog modulation is the phase of converting one of the features of an analog signal depending on the data in a digital signal (0s and 1s) when we communicate information from one system to another across a public access phone line.For example, the initial data are digital, but mobile services use analog signals, the information should be transformed. The digital data should be inflected on an analog signal manipulated to a view like two definite values equivalent to binary 1 and binary 0.The diagram demonstrates the relationship between the digital transformation, the digital-to-analog modulating hardware, and the ... Read More

When an analog signal is digitalized, that is known as analog-to-digital conversion.Consider a human address a voice in the structure of an analog signal. We require to digitalize the analog signal that is smaller inclined to noise. It needed a decrease in the several values in an analog message defined in the digital flow.In analog-to-digital conversion, the data involved in a constant waveform is modified into digital pulses.Methods for Analog-To-Digital ConversionThe various methods for Analog-to-Digital conversion are as follows −PAMThe first phase in analog to digital conversion is known as PAM. PAM represents pulse amplitude modulation. This method creates an ... Read More

The bipolar encoding scheme defines three voltage methods: positive, negative, and zero. In the Bipolar encoding scheme, zero levels define binary 0, and binary 1 is described by rotating positive and negative voltages.Assume the first 1 bit is described by positive amplitude. A negative voltage means the second 1 bit; the positive amplitude explains the third 1 bit. This rotation can also appear even when the 1 bits are not successive.There are three types of Bipolar which are as follows −AMIAMI means Bipolar Alternate Mark Inversion. It is the elementary method of bipolar encoding. Here the word 'mark' comes from ... Read More

Polar encoding is an encoding design that needs two voltage methods — one is positive, and the second is negative.An average voltage method is decreased using both techniques, and the unipolar encoding scheme’s DC component is removed.In Manchester and differential encoding, each bit includes both +ve and –ve voltage. Therefore, the DC component removed.Types of Polar EncodingThere are two types of Polar Encoding which are as follows −NRZNRZ represents Non-Return to Zero Code. In this coding, the signal level remains consistent during a bit duration.There are three approaches used in NRZ are −Non-Return to Zero Level (NRZ-L)In this coding system, ... Read More

Digital transmission system manages by sending voltage pulses and a medium link, usually a wire or cable. The most encoding one voltage stands for binary '0' and other voltage as binary '1'.The polarity of pulse defines either +ve or – ve unipolar encoding because it works with only one polarity. This polarity is authorized to one of the two binary states, generally '1'. The other state frequently '0' described by zero voltage. The figure explains the idea of unipolar encoding. The binary '1's treated as the +ve voltage and '0' are encoded as zero voltage. Unipolar encoding is simple and ... Read More

For data transmission or transmissions, depending on the distance between devices and transmission media, the data must be converted in a form that can be quickly and correctly transmitted. Mostly the information is transmitted in the form of electrical signals. The conversion of data bits into electrical signals cannot be sufficient; instead, there are soon more transmission requirements.Some transmission requirements are sufficient to signal transitions in the transmitted signal, bandwidth matching of signal and transmission media and proper differentiation in states of received signals. It can meet these requirements, and the data should be converted in a valid format. This ... Read More