A wide area network is a connection of two or more computers that are geographically disappearing. It has a long-distance connection than LAN. It uses public networks like a telephone system or microwave broadcast for connection facilities.Types of WANFollowing are the types of WAN −Enterprise WAN − These computers are located in different geographical regions that belong to one organization. It is for authorized persons only.Global WAN − It belongs to a different group of organizations. It is accessible to everyone. It is created by both LANs and MANs.They use radio waves, microwaves or communication satellites for data transmission. The ... Read More

A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a larger geographic range by joining a multiple LAN to form a larger network. MAN usually connects multiple local area networks (LANs), using fiber optic cables, with a high-compact network framework. It can support uplinks to the wireless networks and the computer network. The MAN is set up in an area of more than 100 kilometres. It can include a combination of several hardware components and communication media.It can relate to various LANs in a city. Suppose we have other branches of a company. We require to attach all those branches, ... Read More

Following are the advantages and disadvantages of LAN −Advantages of LANThere are various advantages of LAN, which are as follows −Inexpensive transmission media.It can simplify the physical association of a device to the media.It is used to high data transmission rates.Network data transmission is independent of the connected devices rates, making it accessible for the one-speed device to send data to another speed device.A large rate of interconnection between devices.Each connected device has the potential to interact with another device on the network.It is flexible and growth-oriented.It allows file locking.It provides full proof of the security system against illegal access ... Read More

A local area network is a comparatively lesser and privately-owned network with the highest duration of 10km to support local connectivity within a building or limited geographical area.In private offices, this type of networking is trendy and effectively used. They are generally used to interface with personal computers and buildings, incorporate workplaces and industry to share resources and transfer data.The figure shows a LAN having computers from several departments like Sales, Finance, Production, Publication, etc.Features of LANLimited Geographic LimitsA LAN is constructed for a limited area. It usually traverses a single frequency workgroup floor in a building or on campus ... Read More

In this architecture, a specific computer is known as a server, specially designated to provide various services to other computers known as clients. In simple terms, the server can be defined as a provider of services, and the client can be a requester to services. The client requests any information from the server, and the server, in turn, responds to the client request, as shown in the below figure −The most common client-server arrangement method is a LAN made out of microcomputers linked to a network server, which serves all LAN clients.Classifications of Client/Server ArchitectureFollowing is the classification of Client/Server ... Read More

There are various types of ETHERNET Cables which are as follows −10Base 5The first standard defined in IEEE 802.3 is 10 Base 5. It is a Thick Ethernet or Thicknet. It is a bus topology LAN with baseband signaling. The data speed is 10 Mbps, and the maximum allowed segment length is 500 meters. The bus's total length should not exceed 2500 meters, i.e., with a segment of 500 meters, each resulting in only five segments to be used. Each station should be separated from its neighbours by 2.5 meters, i.e., only 200 stations are permitted in maximum in each ... Read More

A network model represents the organization of multiple computers in a network. It describes how individual computers are interconnected in a network.The computer network architecture is as follows −Centralized Computing ArchitectureIn centralized computing architecture, one powerful computer is used to serve one or more low powered computers. In the centralized model, the nodes are not connected; they are only connected to the server.The centralized computing architecture contains the following −All processing holds a function in the central, mainframe computer.Terminals are linked to the central computer and operation just as input/output devices.Networks can be employed to interconnect at least two mainframe ... Read More

Ethernet is a LAN architecture developed by XEROX and extended by DEC, IC and Xerox. It is specified by IEEE 802.3, and it defines two categories.These categories are as follows−BasebandBroadbandBaseband uses digital signals, while broadband uses analog signals. Baseband is further divided into five standard names as follows −10 Base 510 Base 210 Base T1 Base 5100 Base TThe first numbers used in all standards, i.e., 10, 1, 100, indicate the data rate in Mbps, while the last numbers 2, 5, and letter T indicate the maximum cable length or type of cable. Only one specification is defined for broadband, ... Read More

There are various network security threats and attacks which are explained below−Natural DisastersEarthquakes, floods, lightning, and fire can cause several damages to computer systems. It could include other threats such as riots, wars, and terrorist attacks could be included here. Although they are human-caused threats, they are classified as disastrous.Deleting and altering dataMalicious attackers who delete or alter data usually do this to prove a point or take revenge for something that has occurred to them. Inside attackers frequently do this to spite the organisation because they are disgruntled about something. Outside attackers might need to prove that they can ... Read More

The main goals of computer networks are as follows −Resource SharingThe main goal of the computer network is Resource Sharing. It is to create all the programs, data and hardware accessible to anyone on the network without considering the resource’s physical area and the client.Saving MoneyThe second goal of a computer network is saving money. Small computers have a much excellent value proportion than higher ones. Mainframes are approximately a method ten times quicker than the quickest single-chip microprocessors, but they cost a huge number of times more.This imbalance has made numerous system designers build systems, including dynamic personal computers, ... Read More