Found 1627 Articles for Computer Network

The physical layer meets all these requirements out. The set of rules and procedures for interaction between physical layers are called Physical layer protocols. The layer provides a physical connection different from the physical transmission path because it is at the bit level while the transmission path is at the electrical signal level.This physical connection can be a point to point physical connection or point to the multi-point physical connection, as shown in the figure −The physical layer provides its services to the data link layer, the next higher layer of the OSI model.The functions of the physical layer are ... Read More

The physical layer is vital for transmitting bits from one device to the other device. The physical layer is not concerned with the bits representation, but it manages with physical relation to the structure with communication and signals acceptance.The physical layer is used to define physical and electrical details, including what will determine a 1 or a 0, how many attachments a network will have, how we will synchronize data and when the network relation may or may not send the data.The location of the physical layer regarding the communication mode and the data link layer is displayed in the ... Read More

Following are the differences between OSI and TCP/IP Reference Model −OSITCP/IPOSI represents Open System Interconnection.TCP/IP model represents the Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol.OSI is a generic, protocol independent standard. It is acting as an interaction gateway between the network and the final-user.TCP/IP model depends on standard protocols about which the computer network has created. It is a connection protocol that assigns the network of hosts over the internet.The OSI model was developed first, and then protocols were created to fit the network architecture’s needs.The protocols were created first and then built the TCP/IP model.It provides quality services.It does not ... Read More

TCP/IP signifies transmission control protocol/Internet Protocol. It was created by Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA, later DARPA) in the late 1970s. It is a collection of communication protocol. It involves collection and methods for managing with packet transport, media access, session interaction, data transfer, email and terminal emulation.The TCP/IP reference model has four layers, as display in the figure −Host to Network LayerThis is the lowest layer in the TCP/IP reference model. The layer functioning is usually different in various relations. The main function of this layer is to instruct the upper layer when the host is linked to ... Read More

There are two essential Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) services offered in computer network, which are as follows −Basic Rate Interface (BRI)It consists of 2B + D channels which stand for 2 Bearer medium of 64 kbps each for data and one D channel of 16 Kbps for handshaking and control. It can have a separate track for handshaking and control is known as 'out of band' signaling.Primary Rate Interface (PRI)It consists of 23B + D channels that stand for 23 Bearer medium of 64 kbps each for data and one D medium of 64 Kbps for handshaking control. The ... Read More

In data exchange between devices, communication procedures require to have the following to manage these factors of the exchange procedures −Physical Data EncodingThe data exchanged between two devices are physically transported using electrical signals considering particular coding methods. For two systems to accurately exchange data, they should consistently execute and translate data-carrying electrical signals.MultiplexingThis facilitates a parallel connection for various unconnected conversations.Transmission MediaThese concerns deal with the type of media used (fiber, copper, wireless, etc.), prescribed by the desirable bandwidth, protection to noise, and attenuation properties.Flow ControlThe data Communication procedure assigns memory resources, generally referred to as interaction buffers, to ... Read More

A computer network includes software and hardware that can transmit and get data from one device to another. The purpose of hardware is to determine the physical material required to communicate and get data. Simultaneously, software represents the collection of information that uses the hardware material for data transmission. Simple communication of data includes different phases at several layers of the computer network. In computer network models, we will explain the models to learn how the data is moved and taken at a computer level.Layered ArchitectureIn a layered architecture, a computer network is partitioned into interconnected end systems using a subnetwork. The communication ... Read More

ISDN stands for Integrated Services Digital Network. It is used to bridge the Central Office's local loop and the premise connection (home). ISDN uses the existing wiring so that no new cabling is required. It is a digital service that restores the analog plain old telephone set.An Integrated Digital Network (ISDN) is a network in which digital switching connections are used to transmit digital signals. Integrated Services refers to ISDNs ability to deliver two simultaneous connections, in any merging of data, voice, video and fax, over an individual line. Multiple devices can be connected to the line and sent as ... Read More

Computer Network provides several uses, both to organizations and individual users.Resource SharingThis is the main purpose of a computer network. It defines creating all programs, peripherals and data feasible to anyone computer on the network to all other computers without considering the physical areas. Thus a user at a considerable distance can share the resources or see computer data in a similar way that a local customer uses them.Another method of resource sharing is load sharing. If a job is needed, it can be implemented using various computers in a network by partitioning it, which reduces time consumption and loads ... Read More

A fully interconnected network was limited in this topology by using an individual cable around all nodes. Thus in this topology, only one line is shared by all nodes. Whenever any network transmits a message, it keeps both the sender address and the destination or receiver address as tags.The message rides on the single line, and as the receiver receives the message, it acknowledges in the response of the same message on same on the line along with both addresses. Before sending a message, it is always checked whether the connection line is free or not. If the line is ... Read More