Found 292 Articles for Biotechnology

Keywords Bioinformatics, biotic and abiotic, GWAS, NGS, plant breeding, plant sequencing, plant pathogen, sequence analysis, computational proteomics, microarray data analysis, bio-ontology, biological database. Introduction Bioinformatics plays an essential role in today's plant science. As the amount of data grows exponentially, there is a parallel growth in the demand for tools and methods in data management, visualization, integration, analysis, modeling, and prediction. Major advances in molecular biology and genomic technologies have led to an exponential growth in biological information. In plant biotechnology, the amount of information has multiplied exponentially with many databases available from many individual plant species. Efficient bioinformatics tools ... Read More

Keywords Antimicrobial peptides, phagemids, targeted bacterial killing, bacterial toxins, synthetic gene networks, bacteriophage resistance, bacteriophage particle, bacterial host. Introduction A phagemid or phasmid is a DNA-based cloning vector, which has both bacteriophage and plasmid properties. These vectors carry, in addition to the origin of plasmid replication, an origin of replication derived from bacteriophage. Unlike commonly used plasmids, phagemid vectors differ by having the ability to be packaged into the capsid of a bacteriophage, due to their having a genetic sequence that signals for packaging. Phagemids are used in a variety of biotechnology applications; for example, they can be used in ... Read More

Keywords Shotgun sequencing, whole genome sequencing, DNA sequence, chain termination, fragmentation, sequencing, Sanger sequencing. Introduction Shotgun sequencing was one of the precursor technologies that was responsible for enabling whole genome sequencing. Shotgun sequencing is a laboratory technique for determining the DNA sequence of an organism’s genome in genetics. The method involves randomly breaking up the genome into small DNA fragments that are sequenced individually using the chain termination. Multiple overlapping reads for the target DNA are obtained by performing several rounds of this fragmentation and sequencing. A computer program looks for overlaps in the DNA sequences, using them to reassemble ... Read More

Keywords Artificial cell, biomimetic, cell therapy, liver diseases, stem cell, gene therapy, cell transplant, bioartificial liver, regenerative medicine, cell therapy. Introduction Liver diseases have become an increasing health burden accounting for millions of deaths every year globally. Standard therapies including liver transplant and cell therapy offer a promising treatment for liver diseases, but they also suffer limitations such as adverse immune reactions and lack of long-term efficacy. Artificial cells that mimic certain functions of a living cell have emerged as a new strategy to overcome some of the challenges that liver cell therapy faces at present. Artificial cells have demonstrated ... Read More

Keywords Yeast, ethanol, packed bed reactor, continuous fermentation, alternate control strategy, bioethanol, cell immobilization, dilute acid hydrolysis. Introduction Immobilized cell fermentation techniques discuss the effects of immobilization on cell physiology, metabolism, genetics, and fermentation behavior, and various types of immobilized cell bioreactor systems and their applications in fermentation. Bioethanol is a renewable fuel from different kinds of renewable feedstock such as sugar cane, corn, wheat, cassava, and cellulose biomass. A variety of immobilized cell bioreactors have been developed to optimize the fermentation processes. Immobilized cells are currently being used industrially for vinegar, organic, and amino acid production, as well as ... Read More

Keywords P1 bacteriophages, bacterial artificial chromosome, bacteria, DNA cloning vectors, DNA fragments, Escherichia coli, yeast artificial chromosomes, complex genomes, gene cluster, restriction enzyme, ligation, restriction sites. Introduction P1-derived artificial chromosome, or PAC, is a DNA construct derived from the DNA of P1 bacteriophages and Bacterial artificial chromosome. It can carry large amounts of about 100-300 kilobases of other sequences for a variety of bioengineering purposes in bacteria. It is one type of efficient cloning vector used to clone DNA fragments (100-300 kb insert size; average, 150 kb) in Escherichia coli cells. DNA cloning vectors containing regions of the P1 phage ... Read More

Keywords Microencapsulated dyes and pigments, liposomes, in-situ polymerization, interfacial polymerization, coacervation, molecular complexation, textiles, fragrance, phase-change materials. Introduction Microencapsulation can be used to deliver everything from improved nutrition to extended shelf life. In fact, it’s one of the greatest opportunities to expand a brand’s potential. A wide range of chemical-based microencapsulation technologies have been applied widely within the textile industry, concentrating on specific applications within the dyeing and printing sectors. The textile roots of microencapsulation technology were introduced as were the wide range of applications in food and other business sectors. In general, the number of commercial applications in the ... Read More

Keywords Cell lysis, cell wall engineering, downstream processing, microbial fermentation, morphology engineering, synthetic biology. Introduction Microbial fermentation is a chemical change caused by the life activity of microorganisms, and different microorganisms cause different fermentation and produce different fermentation products. The fermentation of microorganisms is not just to make food, but an industrial sector in modern mass production. This emphasizes the use of fermentation and genetic improvement of key strains in the production of organic feed and biofertilizers. The influence of microorganisms on wine making begins in the vineyard and develops through fermentation and storage or aging of the wine. In ... Read More

Keywords Mass transfer, industrial processes, mass transfer coefficient, driving force concentration, fluid mixtures, porous solid, flux, turbulence. Introduction Mass transfer is the net movement of mass such as stream, phase, fraction, or component from one location to another. Many processes, including absorption, evaporation, drying, precipitation, membrane filtration, and distillation, involve mass transfer. Different scientific disciplines use mass transfer for various processes and mechanisms. A common example of a mass transfer process is evaporation of water into the atmosphere from a pond. Mass transfer operations in industrial processes include chemical component separation in distillation columns, absorbers such as scrubbers or stripping, ... Read More

Keywords Mobile genetic elements, class 1 integron, horizontal or lateral gene transfer, homologous recombination, transposition, transformation, conjugation, transduction, antibiotic resistance. Introduction Integrons are genetic elements able to acquire and rearrange open reading frames (ORFs) embedded in gene cassette units and convert them to functional genes by ensuring their correct expression. They are widely known for their role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance, particularly among gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Their role has been broadened with the discovery of chromosomal integron (CI) structures in the genomes of hundreds of bacterial species. Integrons are chromosomal elements, and their mobilization onto plasmids has been ... Read More