Encapsulation of Operations Encapsulation of operations refers to the behavior of objects in object−oriented database systems(ODBS)through the responsibilities that can be carried out. Objects can be created, changed, retrieved, or deleted by the use of encapsulation of operations. Customers simply receive knowledge of the operations like interface or signature and aren't made privy to how those operations are honestly achieved. The implementation includes the specification of any hidden internal information systems in addition to the common sense that determines the operations, while the interface presents the call and parameters of each action. ODBs offer a sure stage of abstraction ... Read More

Data Fragmentation The process of dividing the database into smaller multiple parts or sub−tables is called fragmentation. The smaller parts or sub−tables are called fragments and are stored at different locations. Data fragmentation should be done in a way that the reconstruction of the original parent database from the fragments is possible. The restoration can be done using UNION or JOIN operations. Database fragmentation is of three types: Horizontal fragmentation, Vertical fragmentation, and Mixed or Hybrid fragmentation. Horizontal Fragmentation It divides a table horizontally into a group of rows to create multiple fragments or subsets of a table. ... Read More

HTTP is an application layer protocol created to transport data between networked devices. In HTTP, a number of methods are accessible. These methods represent the CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, in that order. Some HTTP methods share a lot of the same traits. Therefore, before implementing these comparable HTTP methods in an HTTP system, we should thoroughly study them. For instance, there are similarities between the features of the PUT and PATCH methods that may cause confusion. Both are used to update a resource at a particular location. The following are some of the differences between them. What is ... Read More

Introduction In today's world, data is the backbone of every industry. To make sense of it all, tools like Kibana are used to visualize and analyze the data. However, running Kibana on its own can often lead to performance issues and security vulnerabilities. This is where Nginx reverse proxy comes in handy. Preparing the Environment for Nginx Reverse Proxy Configuration Installing Nginx on the Server Before installing Nginx on the server, it is important to ensure that all necessary dependencies are installed. This can be done by running a system update and then installing the dependencies using the ... Read More

Introduction PostgreSQL is a powerful, open-source object-relational database system that is widely used for enterprise-level applications. It boasts extensive features and capabilities, including support for advanced data types, scalability, reliability, and security. With PostgreSQL, users can store vast amounts of structured data with ease. PostgreSQL is one of the most popular database management systems available today. It was first released in 1989 as an open-source project and has since become the go-to choice for many organizations worldwide due to its robustness, flexibility, and scalability. Being an open-source project means that it is free to use and can be modified by ... Read More

Introduction Redis is a widely used open-source, in-memory data structure store, used as a database, cache, and message broker. It is designed to handle a large set of data structures with high performance and flexibility. Redis Cluster is a distributed implementation of Redis that provides high availability and scalability through partitioning the dataset across multiple nodes. Prerequisites Understanding of Kubernetes Architecture Before diving into deploying Redis Cluster on Kubernetes, it is crucial to have a basic understanding of Kubernetes architecture. This involves knowing the main components of a Kubernetes cluster, such as nodes, pods, and services. Understanding how these ... Read More

Introduction RabbitMQ is a messaging broker that allows different applications to communicate with each other by sending and receiving messages. It provides a reliable and scalable way to handle messaging between systems. On the other hand, Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. With Kubernetes, you can easily deploy and manage your applications in a cloud-native environment. Preparing for Deployment Setting up a Kubernetes cluster Before deploying RabbitMQ on Kubernetes, it is necessary to set up a Kubernetes cluster. A Kubernetes cluster is made up of one or more ... Read More

Introduction MongoDB is a popular, open-source NoSQL database that is designed to store and manage unstructured data. It provides high performance, scalability, and flexibility for modern applications. On the other hand, Docker is a containerization platform that enables developers to package their applications and dependencies into portable containers that can run consistently across different environments. It simplifies the software delivery process by providing a lightweight, isolated runtime environment for applications. Setting up the Environment Installing Docker on the local machine Before setting up MongoDB, it's important to install Docker on your local machine. Docker is a containerization platform ... Read More

Introduction When it comes to cloud computing, there are two primary options: virtualized servers and bare metal servers. A virtual server runs on top of a hypervisor, which is essentially a layer of software that sits between the physical hardware and the operating system. In contrast, a bare metal server runs directly on the physical hardware without any intervening layers. A bare metal cloud server combines the benefits of both models. It provides dedicated hardware resources like a traditional bare metal server, but it's provisioned and managed through an API or web interface like a virtual server in ... Read More

In this article, we will understand the concept of Kerberos and Radius and the difference between them. The three main components of Kerberos are the computer that contains the database, the ticket−granting server, and the authentication server. RADIUS does not store data in a specific format but rather talks with a central database. Kerberos is used to verify the identity of users and services before allowing them to access sensitive information. The verification methods used by the application layer protocols of Kerberos are ticket−based encryption methods. What is Kerberos? Kerberos comes under the application layer which is the topmost layer ... Read More