Apache Spark is a complex computing system. It provides high-level APIs in programming languages namely Python, Scala, and Java. It is easy to write parallel jobs in Spark. It offers general and quicker processing of data. It is written in Scala and it is faster than others. It is used to process a large number of datasets. It is now the most prominently engaged Apache Project. Its key feature is in-memory complex computing that extends the speed of the data process. It possesses some main features that are Multiple Language Support, Platform-Independent, High Speed, Modern Analytics, and General Purpose. Now, ... Read More

Introduction The burgeoning field of technology constantly introduces innovations designed to boost efficiency, speed, and productivity in diverse arenas, among which data management holds paramount importance. The traditional disc-based databases have played a significant role in data management for years. However, with data volumes escalating exponentially, businesses worldwide are looking for ways to expedite data processing. In this scenario, in-memory databases (IMDBs) stand as a revolutionary alternative. Understanding In-Memory Databases An in-memory database (IMDB) is a database management system that primarily relies on main memory (RAM) for data storage rather than traditional disk storage. This storage scheme empowers IMDBs to ... Read More

Embedded SQL Embedded SQL is a method that combines SQL with a high−level programming language's features. It enables programmers to put SQL statements right into the source code files used to set up an application. Database operations may be carried out effortlessly by developers by adding SQL statements to the application code. The source code files having embedded SQL statements should be preprocessed before compilation because of the issue of interpretation of SQL statements by the high−level programming languages in embedded SQL. The terms EXEC SQL and END_EXEC must be used before and after each SQL statement in the source ... Read More

Distributed DBMS A distributed database is the distribution of data to get stored at different computers or sites that are interlinked to each other by a network. It can also be defined as a database that collects data over separate databases with self−reliant computers that are connected over data communication links. Distributed databases can provide more availability and reliability than a centralized database system. It is because even if some site fails, the system can the working without them. Distributed database systems can give better execution by appropriating the information and handling load across numerous sites. Disadvantages Of Distributed ... Read More

Data WarehouseA data warehouse is a type of data management system which help perform activities such as business analysis and support business intelligence. A large amount of data set is collected from different sources and analyses are performed to make quick and effective decisions by providing necessary information. It consistently provides information and makes the data accurate, verified, and adaptive in nature. A large amount of historical data is provided to perform the analysis. Also, data warehouse helps in recovering from database failure and are a feature of the data mining process. Difficulties in Implementing Data warhouse To ... Read More

Database Languages Database languages are used to read, store and update the data in the database. Specific languages are used to perform various operations of the database. Types of Database Languages DDL(Data Definition Language) Data Definition Language(DDL) is used for describing structures or patterns and its relationship in a database. It is also used to define the database schema, tables, index, Constraints, etc. It can also be used to store information like the number of tables, names, columns, indexes, etc. The commands only affect the database structure and not the data. The commands ... Read More

It refers to a language that is used to insert, delete and update data in a database. It is used for the manipulation of data in the database.DCL is used together with DML because the changes made by dml wouldn't be saved permanently and have a chance of rolling back. Here are three DML commands: Insert into command It is used to insert a data row in a table. Syntax INSERT INTO table_name(col1, col2, col3, ..) VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...); or INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...); Example This example will show the ... Read More

Data manipulation is the handling of data in a database server. The data is handled and manipulated by using different types of commands which are present in a query. It helps us perform different types of operations on databases. There are four data manipulation commands. Insert It is used to insert data into the table. It can be used for adding more data to a pre−existing table. The motive is to insert the data into the table by using an INSERT statement. Syntax INSERT INTO table_name(parameters) VALUES (values_for_parameter); Here, table_name is the name of the ... Read More

Data management that allows to access data from devices is the main problem. The mobile database allows applications to access data from devices even when on the move. It is a database that connects devices over a wireless network. Here, the client and server have a wireless connection. The wired connections have the entire database distributed with full or partial replication. Fixed hosts are there to perform data management with the help of database servers. Base stations are present at fixed locations to pass communication with the mobile units to and from the fixed hosts. Issues that arise in ... Read More

Data distribution is done through consistent hashing to make the data evenly distributed across the nodes in a cluster. Instead of getting rows of table on a single node, rows gets distributed across the clusters which make the load of table data get evenly divided. The partition key is used to distribute data among nodes and determine data locality. In Cassandra, data distribution and replication work together. Mainly depends on three things i. e. partition key, key value, and token range. Cassandra Table This table consists of two rows in which one row has four columns followed by ... Read More