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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
CI_CD Security - How to Secure Your CI_CD Pipeline?
If you're using Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines in your software development process, it's important to ensure that your pipeline is secure. CI/CD pipelines are a powerful tool for automating software delivery, but they can also be a target for attackers looking to exploit vulnerabilities. In this article, we'll discuss how to secure your CI/CD pipeline to ensure that your software delivery process is safe and secure. Why Secure Your CI/CD Pipeline? CI/CD pipelines are a valuable tool for software development teams because they automate the process of building, testing, and deploying code. However, these pipelines ...
Read MoreHow to Downgrade RHELCentOS to Previous Minor Release?
In the world of enterprise-level Linux operating systems, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and its derivative, CentOS, are two of the most widely used distributions. They offer a stable and robust platform that is trusted by many organizations worldwide. However, sometimes it may become necessary to downgrade to a previous minor release due to compatibility issues or other reasons. In this article, we will show you how to downgrade RHEL/CentOS to a previous minor release safely. Preparing for Downgrade Backing up data and configurations Before beginning the process of downgrading your RHEL/CentOS system, it is essential ...
Read MoreHow to find out which process was killed by Linux OOM killer?
The Out of Memory (OOM) killer is a Linux kernel mechanism that terminates processes when the system runs out of available memory. When a process is killed by the OOM killer, the system logs this information to help administrators identify which processes were terminated and why. To find out which process was killed by the Linux OOM killer, we use the grep command to search through system log files. The grep command filters searches in files for specific patterns and is essential for analyzing log data. Basic grep Command Syntax grep [options] pattern [files] ...
Read MoreDifferentiate between multiprogramming, multitasking and multiprocessing.
Multiprogramming, multitasking, and multiprocessing are fundamental concepts in operating systems that describe different ways of executing multiple programs or processes. While these terms are often confused, each represents a distinct approach to resource utilization and task execution. Multiprogramming Multiprogramming is the ability of an operating system to execute more than one program on a single processor machine. Multiple tasks or programs can reside in the main memory simultaneously, allowing the CPU to switch between them when one program is waiting for I/O operations. In multiprogramming, the CPU executes some part of one program, then switches to another ...
Read MoreHow does a process look like in memory?
A process is a program loaded into memory and executing. When a program is created, it exists as bytes stored on the hard disk as a passive entity. The program becomes an active process when loaded into memory — either by double-clicking in Windows or entering the executable name on the command line (e.g., a.out or prog.exe). A process in memory consists of several distinct segments, each serving a specific purpose during program execution. Process Memory Layout STACK (High Address) Grows Down ...
Read MoreLinux nslookup commands to troubleshoot dns domain name server
nslookup is a network administration command-line tool available for many computer operating systems for querying the Domain Name System (DNS) to obtain domain name or IP address mapping or for any other specific DNS record. This article explains the nslookup command in detail for DNS troubleshooting. Nslookup can be run in two modes: Interactive and Non-Interactive. Interactive mode is used to query DNS servers about various domains and hosts interactively, while Non-Interactive mode is used to query information about a specific domain or host with a single command. Basic DNS Queries Finding A Record (IP Address) ...
Read MoreMonitoring context switches in Linux
Context switching is an essential aspect of modern operating systems that enables them to efficiently manage resources. Context switching is the process of switching from one process to another in a multi-tasking environment. The operating system does this by saving the state of the current process and loading the state of the next process. Monitoring context switches in Linux is a crucial task for system administrators, developers, and users who want to optimize performance of their systems. Understanding Context Switching in Linux Context switching occurs when the operating system switches between multiple processes to give the illusion of ...
Read MoreClear Linux – A Linux Distor Optimized for Performance and Security
Clear Linux is a Linux distribution maintained by Intel that is specifically designed to provide a fast and efficient operating system for developers and performance-focused users who need high performance and security. In this article, we will explore what Clear Linux is, how it differs from other Linux distributions, and how to get started using it. What is Clear Linux? Clear Linux is a free and open-source Linux distribution that is optimized for performance and security. Developed by Intel and based on the Linux kernel, it is designed to be a lightweight operating system that can run ...
Read MoreHow to find out which processes are using swap space in Linux?
Swap space is a storage area on disk used by Linux when the physical memory (RAM) is full. When the operating system needs more memory resources and RAM has no space left, inactive pages are moved to swap space. While swap space helps extend available memory, it should not be considered a replacement for more RAM due to slower disk access speeds. There are several methods to identify which processes are using swap space in Linux. The most straightforward approaches include using system utilities like smem, the top command, or custom shell scripts. Using the Top Command ...
Read MoreProcess Representation in Linux System
Linux manages processes using a fundamental data structure called task_struct, which contains all the information needed to represent a process in the system. This structure is defined in the header file within the kernel source code. Process Data Structure The task_struct is a comprehensive C structure that holds critical information about each process, including: Process state − Current execution state (running, waiting, stopped) Scheduling information − Priority, time slices, and scheduler-specific data Memory management − Virtual memory layout and page tables File descriptors − List of open files and I/O resources Process relationships − Parent, ...
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