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Computer software is a set of instructions or programs instructing the computer to do specific tasks. Software is basically a generic term used to describe computer programs. In general, scripts, applications, programs and a set of instructions are all terms often used to describe a software. On the basis of language in which software is developed and platform which is required for its execution, we can group different types of software into two categories: System Software and Application Software. Read through this article to find out more about System Software and Application Software and how they are different from ... Read More
You can get the MySQL table columns data type with the help of "information_schema.columns".The syntax is as follows −SELECT DATA_TYPE from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where table_schema = 'yourDatabaseName' and table_name = 'yourTableName'To understand the above syntax, let us first create a table −mysql> create table DataTypeDemo −> ( −> Id int, −> Address varchar(200), −> Money decimal(10, 4) −> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.60 sec)Apply the above syntax to get the MySQL columns data type. The query is as follows −mysql> select data_type from information_schema.columns where table_schema = 'business' and able_name = 'DataTypeDemo';The following is the output ... Read More
To remove all rows having NA, we can use na.omit() function. For Example, if we have a data frame called df that contains some NA values then we can remove all rows that contains at least one NA by using the command na.omit(df).That means if we have more than one column in the data frame then rows that contains even one NA will be removed. Check out the below Examples to understand how it works.Example 1Consider the below data frame −x1
The selection sort is assaulting algorithm that works bye buy a finding the smallest number from the array and then placing it to the first position. the next array that is to be traversed will start from index next to the position where the smallest number is placed.Let's take an example to make this concept more clear.We have an array {6, 3, 8, 12, 9} in this array the smallest element is 3. So we will place 3 at the first position, after this the array will look like {3, 6, 8, 12, 9}. Now we will again find the ... Read More
An interrupt is a signal from a device attached to a computer or from a program within the computer that requires the operating system to stop and figure out what to do next.Interrupt systems are nothing but while the CPU can process the programs if the CPU needs any IO operation. Then, it is sent to the queue and it does the CPU process. Later on Input/output (I/O) operation is ready.The I/O devices interrupt the data which is available and does the remaining process; like that interrupts are useful. If interrupts are not present, the CPU needs to be in ... Read More
OSI or Open System Interconnection model was developed by International Standards Organization (ISO). It gives a layered networking framework that conceptualizes how communications should be done between heterogeneous systems. It has seven interconnected layers. The seven layers of the OSI Model are a physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer, as shown in the following diagram −The physical layer, data link layer and the network layer are the network support layers. The layers manage a physical transfer of data from one device to another. Session layer, presentation layer, and application layer ... Read More
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a computer language which is used to interact with an RDBMS (Relational Database Management System). It is basically a method of managing, organizing, and retrieving data from a relation database. In SQL, two important concepts are used namely, function and procedure. A function calculates the results of a program based on the inputs provided, whereas a procedure is used to perform some tasks in a specific order. There are many other differences between functions and procedures, which we will discuss in this article. What is Function? A function, in the context of computer programming languages, ... Read More
The Database Management System (DBMS) is defined as a software system that allows the user to define, create and maintain the database and provide control access to the data.It is a collection of programs used for managing data and simultaneously it supports different types of users to create, manage, retrieve, update and store information.Advantages of DBMSThe advantages of the DBMS are explained below −Redundancy problem can be solved.In the File System, duplicate data is created in many places because all the programs have their own files which create data redundancy resulting in wastage of memory. In DBMS, all the files ... Read More
The interface between a process and an operating system is provided by system calls. In general, system calls are available as assembly language instructions. They are also included in the manuals used by the assembly level programmers.System calls are usually made when a process in user mode requires access to a resource. Then it requests the kernel to provide the resource via a system call.Types of System CallsThere are mainly five types of system calls. These are explained in detail as follows −Here are the types of system calls −Process ControlThese system calls deal with processes such as process creation, ... Read More
RISC and CISC are two different types of computer architectures that are used to design the microprocessors that are found in computers. The fundamental difference between RISC and CISC is that RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) includes simple instructions and takes one cycle, while the CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) includes complex instructions and takes multiple cycles. Read this tutorial to find out more about RISC and CISC and how these two architectures are different from each other. What is RISC? In the RISC architecture, the instruction set of the computer system is simplified to reduce the execution time. RISC ... Read More