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Definition and UsageThe abs() function is an in-built function in PHP iterpreter. This function accepts any number as argument and returns a positive value, disregarding its sign. Absolute value of any number is always positive.This function always returns positive number.Syntaxabs( mixed $num)ParametersSr.NoParameter & Description1numThis parameter stores a value whose absolute value is to be obtained.Return ValuesPHP abs() function returns absolute value of num. If data type of num is float, return type is also float.For integer parameter, return type is integer.PHP VersionThis function is available in PHP versions 4.x, PHP 5.x as well as PHP 7.x.Example Live DemoFollowing example shows that ... Read More
We can perform right click on an element in Selenium with the help of Actions. In order to perform the right click action we will use contextClick () method. First we need to move to the specific element with the help of moveToElement() method then will do the right click with contextClick() method. Finally use build().perform() to execute all the steps.Exampleimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Action; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class RightClick{ public static void main(String[] args) { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\Users\ghs6kor\Desktop\Java\chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); ... Read More
We can perform mouseover action on elements in Selenium with the help of Actions class. In order to perform the mouse movement we will use moveToElement () method of the Actions class. Finally use build().perform() to execute all the steps.Exampleimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Action; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class MouseOver{ public static void main(String[] args) { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\Users\ghs6kor\Desktop\Java\chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); String url = "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/questions/index.php"; driver.get(url); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(12, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // actions class ... Read More
We can count the number of frames in Selenium by the methods listed below −With the help of List with tagname frame/iframe.With the help of a Javascript executor.ExampleWith tagname.import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.List; public class FrameCount{ public static void main(String[] args) { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\Users\ghs6kor\Desktop\Java\chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); String url = "http://the-internet.herokuapp.com/nested_frames"; driver.get(url); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(12, TimeUnit.SECONDS); //By finding list of the web elements using frame or ... Read More
We can switch to frames in Selenium with the help of the following methods −switchTo()defaultContent()This method is for switching to and fro in between frames and parent frames. The focus is shifted to the main page.switchTo().parentFrame()This method is used to switch the control to the parent frame of the current frame.Exampleimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class FrameDefault { public static void main(String[] args) { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\Users\ghs6kor\Desktop\Java\chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); String url = "url with frames"; driver.get(url); ... Read More
We can handle frames in Selenium with the help of following methods −switchTo().frame( frameNumber)This method uses the frame id as the parameter. The index of frame id starts from 0. NoSuchFrameException is thrown if the frame is not found.switchTo().frame( frameName)This method uses the frame name as defined by the developer as the parameter. The frame name is considered a String and is enclosed in quotes. NoSuchFrameException is thrown if the frame is not found.switchTo().frame( WebElement)This method uses the webelement as the parameter. NoSuchFrameException is thrown if the frame is not found. StaleElementReferenceException if the frame is no longer active.Exampleimport org.openqa.selenium.By; ... Read More
Selenium has getWindowHandles() method , which returns all the window handle ids for all the open windows. This is stored in Set data structure in String data types.In order to navigate to a specific window, we need to traverse to the window we want to access with the iterator() method then switch to that window.getWindowHandle() method gives the window handle id of the current window Id.Exampleimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; import java.util.Iterator; import org.testng.annotations.Test; public class WindowHandles{ @Test public void windowHandle() throws Exception { ... Read More
Selenium WebDriver gives multiple APIs to handle pop ups or alerts with the help of Alert interface.dismiss()This will cancel the button for alert.accept()This will accept the button for alert.getText()This will extract the text on alert.sendKeys()This will enter text on the alert box.ExampleSyntax with code snippet −// Alert Alert a = driver.switchTo().alert(); // Extract alert message. String msg= driver.switchTo().alert().getText(); // print the message on console System.out.println(msg); // entering text on alert box a .sendkeys(“Testing”); // alert accept a.accept() // alert dismiss a.dismiss()
Fluent wait is a dynamic wait which makes the driver pause for a condition which is checked at a frequency before throwing an exception. The element is searched in DOM not constantly but at a regular interval of time.For example, if the wait is for 5 seconds, FluentWait monitors the DOM at regular intervals (defined by polling during time). In FluentWait, customized wait methods based on conditions need to be built.Syntax −Wait w = new FluentWait< WebDriver >(driver) .withTimeout (10, SECONDS) .pollingEvery (2, SECONDS) .ignoring (NoSuchElementException.class)Exampleimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Wait; import ... Read More
Explicit waits are applied to a specific element in the web page. It shall pause the execution till the condition is satisfied. Explicit wait is also a dynamic one since if the wait time is fifteen seconds and the conditions (like waiting for an element to be clickable, visible or selectable and so on) are satisfied before this specified time, the control will move to the next step.Explicit wait is more customizable since we can set it up for the condition. The listof some of the expected conditions for explicit waits are listed below −textToBePresentInElement()Syntaxw.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElement(By.id(““), “Tutorialspoint”));textToBeClickable()Syntaxw.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBeClickable(By.id(““)));alertisPresent()Syntaxw.until(ExpectedConditions.alertisPresent())= null);frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt()Syntaxw.until(ExpectedConditions.frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt(By.id(““)));Explicit is complex in ... Read More