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The volume of sphere is nothing but the capacity of the shape.Volume of a sphere formula is −$$V\:=\:\frac{4}{3}\Pi\:r^{3}$$AlgorithmStep 1: Enter radius of sphere at runtime Step 2: Apply the formula to variable Volume=(4/3)*3.14*rad*rad*rad Step 3: print the volume Step 4: stopProgram 1 Live Demo#include int main(){ float vol; int rad; rad=20; vol=((4.0f/3.0f) * (3.1415) * rad * rad * rad); printf("the volume of a sphere is %f", vol); return 0; }Outputthe volume of a sphere is 33509.335938Program 2Following is an example to find Volume and Surface Area of Sphere − Live Demo#include ... Read More
In data science, we often face the problem of missing values and we need to define a way to replace them with an appropriate value or we can complete remove them. If we want to replace the missing then we also need to know how many missing values are there. Therefore, if we have a data frame with grouping column then finding the number of groupwise missing values can be done with aggregate function as shown in the below examples.Example1Consider the below data frame −Live Demo> Group x df1 df1Output Group x 1 A 2 2 ... Read More
The standardization of a numerical column can be easily done with the help of scale function but if we want to standardize multiple columns of a data frame if categorical columns also exist then mutate_if function of dplyr package will be used. For example, if we have a data frame df then it can be done as df%>%mutate_if(is.numeric, scale)Example1Consider the below data frame −Live Demo> x1 x2 df1 df1Output x1 x2 1 c 4 2 c 1 3 a 4 4 a 1 5 b 0 6 c 4 7 c 2 8 ... Read More
To create a bar plot in base R with different limits for Y-axis, we can use ylim argument but generally that behaves badly, such as extending the bars below X-axis. Therefore, we need to fix those things. Check out the below example to understand how it can be done.Example> x barplot(x)OutputExample> barplot(x,ylim=c(300,600))OutputExample> barplot(x,ylim=c(300,600),xpd=FALSE)OutputExample> box(bty="l") Output
If we have a colour column in an R data frame and we want to change the point colours in ggplot2 using that column then colour argument will be used. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains three columns say x, y, and color then the scatterplot between x and y with the colour of points using color column can be created by using the command ggplot(df, aes(x, y))+geom_point(colour=df$color)ExampleConsider the below data frame −Live Demo> x y col df dfOutput x y col 1 ... Read More
To match a column in a data frame with a column in another data frame, we can use match function. For example, if we have two data frames called df1 and df2 each having one similar column and the second having an extra column then the matching can be done for similar columns and a new column in the first data frame can be created based on that match and the second column the second data frame. Check out the below examples to understand how it works.Example1Live Demo> df1 df1Output x1 1 2 2 2 3 1 ... Read More
The length of columns for missing values means the number of missing values in the data frame. This can be easily done with the help of colSums function where we will find the total number of NA values with is.na. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains some missing values then the length of columns for missing values can be found by using the command colSums(is.na(df)).Example1Consider the below data frame −Live Demo> x1 x2 x3 x4 df1 df1Output x1 x2 x3 x4 1 NA NA 2 2 2 NA NA NA 2 3 1 ... Read More
To add suffix to column names in R, we can use paste function. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains three columns say x, y, and z and we want to add a suffix to these columns say underscore1 (_1) then it can be done by using the commandcolnames(df) x y z df1 df1Output x y z 1 6 3 2 2 9 7 5 3 5 7 6 4 5 9 6 5 2 5 9 6 4 5 4 7 2 0 7 8 2 5 8 9 4 5 8 10 6 ... Read More
To add a vector to reach row of a matrix, we can use addition sign (+) and create the repetition of the vector up to the number of rows in the matrix. For example, if we have a matrix called M then a vector say v can be added to each row of M by using the command −M+rep(v, each=nrow(M))Example1Consider the below matrix and the vector −Live Demo> M1 M1Output [, 1] [, 2] [1, ] 3 2 [2, ] 3 3 [3, ] 4 2 [4, ] 5 1 ... Read More
When we apply summary function in R, the output gives minimum, first quartile, median, mean, third quartile, and maximum but there are many other basic statistical values that help us to understand the variable such as range, sum, standard error of mean, variance, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. Therefore, if we want to find all the values then we can use stat.desc function of pastecs package as shown in the below examples.Example1Consider the below data frame −Live Demo> x1 x2 x3 df1 df1Output x1 x2 x3 ... Read More