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A MySQL user name needs to be provided when ‘mysql’ is invoked. Next a password has to be entered. If the server runs on a system which is not the same as that on which the user logs in, the host name also needs to be provided while trying to log in.It is suggested to contact the administrator to find out the parameters that are required to connect to the server.Once the parameters are determined, the below lines need to be sued to connect to the server −shell> mysql −h host −u user −p Enter the password: ***Here, ‘host’ represents ... Read More
Before entering queries on the console, it is important to ensure that the user is connected to the server. The below query would give the version number of the server being used, and the current date.mysql> SELECT VERSION(), CURRENT_DATE;Note: The function ‘VERSION()’ and ‘CURRENT_DATE’ are case−insensitive. This means ‘version()’, ‘Version()’, ‘vERsion()’, all mean the same. Same goes with ‘CURRENT_DATE’An SQL query is followed by a semi-colon.When a query is issued to mysql, it sends the query to the server for execution. The results are computed and displayed. Another ‘mysql>’ also gets printed, indicating that the server is ready for one ... Read More
MySQL can be upgraded using MySQL SLES repository. Let us see the steps required for this upgradation. By default, the MySQL SLES repository updates MySQL to the latest version in the release series that the user would have chosen during installationTo update to a different release series, the subrepository for the series that has been selected needs to be disabled. It is suggested to upgrade from one series to the next, instead of skipping a series. Inplace downgrading of MySQL is not supported while using MySQL SLES repository.Upgrade MySQLUpgrade MySQL and its components using the below command −shell> sudo zypper ... Read More
The MySQL APT repository can be used to perform an in-place upgrade for the MySQL installation.It can be done using the below steps −Upgrade MySQLEnsure that MySQL APT repository is already present on user’s system's repository list.Ensure that the most up−to−date package information on the MySQL APT repository is present by running the below command −shell> sudo apt-get updateBy default, the MySQL APT repository updates MySQL to the release series that has been selected by the user when they add the MySQL APT repository to their system.In general rule, it is suggested to upgrade from one release series to another, ... Read More
Let us understand how to upgrade MySQL with the help of MySQL Yum repository −MySQL can be upgraded using MySQL Yum repository. Let us see the steps required for this upgradation. By default, the MySQL Yum repository updates MySQL to the latest version in the release series that the user would have chosen during installationTo update to a different release series, the subrepository for the series that has been selected needs to be disabled. The next step is to enable the subrepository for the target series. It is suggested to upgrade from one series to the next, instead of skipping ... Read More
MySQL can be upgraded on Windows using two methods. They have been listed below −Using MySQL installerUsing Windows ZIP archive distributionUpgrading MySQL with InstallerMySQL installer doesn’t support upgrades between the community and commercial releases. If such an upgrade is required, it can be done using the ZIP archive method.Let us understand how MySQL can be upgraded with MySQL installer. This is considered the best approach when the current server installation is performed along with it and the upgrade happens within the current release series.MySQL installer doesn’t support upgrades between release series, such as from 5.7 to 8.0 and so on. ... Read More
Before upgrading the docker installation of MySQL, ensure that the below mentioned steps have been followed −Download a MySQL server docker image.Start a MySQL server instance.Connect to MySQL server instance from within the container.Following are the steps to upgrade a Docker installation of MySQL 5.7 to 8.0 −Stop the MySQL 5.6 server using the below command. Here mysql56 is the name of the container.docker stop mysql56Download the MySQL 5.7 Server Docker image.Start a new MySQL 5.7 Docker container with the help of the old server data and configuration.Perform modifications if required.If MySQL community server is present, run the below command ... Read More
MySQL can be upgraded on RPM based platforms using MySQL Yum repository or MySQL SLES repository.Upgrade with RPM PackagesIf MySQL needs to be upgraded using the RPM packages that is downloaded directly from the MySQL Developer Zone, go to folder that contains all the downloaded packages (ensures that no other RPM package has a similar name), and use the following command −yum install mysql−community−{server, client, common, libs}−*The yum is replaced with zypper for SLES systems, and with dnf for dnf-enabled systems.It is much preferable to use high-level package management tool such as yum to install the packages, but users who ... Read More
When databases need to be transferred between different architectures, the ‘mysqldump’ can be used to create a file. This file would contain SQL statements. The file transfers can be done from one machine to another, and this file can be used as an input to the ‘mysql’ client.Move Database between two machinesOne way to move database between two machines is to execute the commands on the machine on which database is present −mysqladmin −h 'other_hostname' create db_name mysqldump db_name | mysql −h 'other_hostname' db_nameCopy a database from a remote machine over a slow networkIf database needs to be copied from ... Read More
Let us understand the environment variables that are directly or indirectly used by MySQL. We will name the environment variable and give a description about it in the below section −AUTHENTICATION_LDAP_CLIENT_LOG − It is the client-side LDAP authentication logging level.AUTHENTICATION_PAM_LOG − It is the PAM authentication plugin debug logging settings.CC − It is the name of your C compiler (to run CMake).CXX − It is the name of your C++ compiler (to run CMake).CC − It is the name of your C compiler (to run CMake).DBI_USER − It is the default user name for Perl DBI.DBI_TRACE − It is the ... Read More