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To retrieve the list of supported file formats for matplotlib savefig() function, we can use get_supported_filetypes().StepsFirst get the current figure.Set the canvas that contains the figure.Use get_supported_filetypes() method.Iterate the file type items.To display the figure, use show() method.Examplefrom matplotlib import pyplot as plt fs = plt.gcf().canvas.get_supported_filetypes() for key, val in fs.items(): print(key, ":", val)Outputeps : Encapsulated Postscript jpg : Joint Photographic Experts Group jpeg : Joint Photographic Experts Group pdf : Portable Document Format pgf : PGF code for LaTeX png : Portable Network Graphics ps : Postscript raw : Raw RGBA bitmap rgba : Raw RGBA bitmap ... Read More
To animate using Matplotlib with subplots and ArtistAnimation, we can take the following steps −Set the figure size and adjust the padding between and around the subplots.Create a figure and a set of subplots.Create a user-defined function, Init, to draw a clear frame.Use FuncAnimation to make an animation by repeatedly calling a function *func*.Define an animate function to update the data points in FuncArtist class.To display the figure, use show() method.Exampleimport numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation plt.rcParams["figure.figsize"] = [7.50, 3.50] plt.rcParams["figure.autolayout"] = True fig, ax = plt.subplots() xdata, ydata = [], [] ln, ... Read More
To decrease colorbar width in Matplotlib, we can use shrink in colorbar() method.StepsSet the figure size and adjust the padding between and around the subplots.Create a random data using numpy.Display the data as an image, i.e., on a 2D regular raster, with data.Create a colorbar for a ScalarMappable instance, im.To display the figure, use show() method.Exampleimport numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot as plt plt.rcParams["figure.figsize"] = [7.50, 3.50] plt.rcParams["figure.autolayout"] = True data = np.random.rand(5, 5) im = plt.imshow(data, cmap="YlOrBr") plt.colorbar(im, shrink=0.50) plt.show()Output
To make an arrow that loops in Matplotlib, we can take the following steps −Set the figure size and adjust the padding between and around the subplots.To make an arrow loop in matplotlib, we can use make_loop() method.Make a wedge instance with center, radius, theta1, theta2 and width.To put the arrow top of the loop, use PathCollection.Add patch collection to the current axes.To display the figure, use show() method.Examplefrom matplotlib import pyplot as plt, patches, collections plt.rcParams["figure.figsize"] = [7.50, 3.50] plt.rcParams["figure.autolayout"] = True def make_loop(center, radius, theta1=-30, theta2=180): rwidth = 0.02 ring = patches.Wedge(center, radius, theta1, ... Read More
To plot an angle spectrum, we can take the following steps −Set the figure size and adjust the padding between and around the subplots.Get random seed value.Initialize dt for sampling interval and find the sampling frequency.Create random data points for t.To generate noise, get nse, r, cnse and s, using numpy.Create a figure and a set of subplots using subplots() method.Set the title of the plot.Plot the angle spectrum.To display the figure, use show() method.Exampleimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np plt.rcParams["figure.figsize"] = [7.50, 3.50] plt.rcParams["figure.autolayout"] = True np.random.seed(0) dt = 0.01 # sampling interval Fs ... Read More
To change the datetime tick label frequency for Matplotlib plots, we can create a dataframe and plot them in some date rangeStepsSet the figure size and adjust the padding between and around the subplots.To make potentially heterogeneous tabular data, use Pandas dataframe.Plot the dataframe using plot() method.Set X-axis major locator, i.e., ticks.Set X-axis major formatter, i.e., tick labels.Use autofmt_xdate(). Date ticklabels often overlap, so it is useful to rotate them and right align them.To display the figure, use show() method.Exampleimport pandas as pd import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.dates as mdates plt.rcParams["figure.figsize"] = [7.50, ... Read More
To animate text in a plot, we can take the following stepsSet the figure size and adjust the padding between and around the subplots.Set x and y axis limit.Initialize a variable, string.Use text() method to place text over the plot.Use FuncAnimation() to animate the text. Set text on the text axis.Turn off the axes.To display the figure, use show() method.Examplefrom matplotlib import pyplot as plt, animation plt.rcParams["figure.figsize"] = [7.50, 3.50] plt.rcParams["figure.autolayout"] = True fig, ax = plt.subplots() ax.set(xlim=(-1, 1), ylim=(-1, 1)) string = 'Hello, how are you doing?' label = ax.text(0, 0, string[0], ha='center', va='center', fontsize=20, color="Red") def animate(i): ... Read More
There are two methods for converting deterministic finite automata (DFA) to Regular expression (RE). These are as follows −Arden’s MethodState Elimination MethodLet us understand these methods in detail.Arden’s TheoremLet P and Q be the two regular expressions.If P does not contain null string, then following equation in R, viz R = Q + RP,Which has a unique solution by R = QP*Here,The finite Automata do not have epsilon movesIt must have only initial state q1It’s states are q1, q2, q3,…….qn. The final state may be some qi where i
Linear Bounded Automaton (LBA) is a restricted form of Turing Machine in which input tape is finite.ExampleProve that LBA ⊂ PSPACEPSPACE is a superset of the set of context-sensitive languages.Now to prove LBA=PSPACE, We use theorem of Space compression with tape reduction which states that, For every k-tape S(n) space-bounded off-line Turing Machine M and constant c>0, there exists a one-tape cS(n) space-bounded off-line turing machine N such that L(M)=L(N).Following identity holds for −DSPACE(S(n))=DSPACE(O(S(n)))and NSPACE(S(n))=NSPACE(O(S(n)))Since LBA is one-tape n space-bounded Turing Machine it follows −LBA=NSPACE(n)---------------------(1)Now by Savitch theorem, if S is fully space constructible and S(n)>log(n) thenNSPACE(S(n)) ⊆DSPACE(S^{2}(n)) -------------(2)Final proofLBA=NSPACE(n)............by(1)⊆DSPACE(n^{2})............by(2)⊂DSPACE(n^{3})............by ... Read More
Push down Automata (PDA) is complement of the PDA that contain Substring bbbStepsMake the PDA for accepting those strings that have conation bbb.Complement it by making non-accepting as accepting and vice versa.Construct PDAYou can construct the PDA as shown below for the (a, b)* languageThe nature of transition format is Input, Top of stack, PUSH/POPExamplea ,a , aa means on i/p a and top of stack is a then push aAt q0 i, e initial if a or b anything came move state to q1Till q1 we get 1 b to make substring b_ _ so now on q1 if ... Read More