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Latency is common in both wired and wireless systems. It is a quality of service (QoS) parameter – it acts as one of the performances determining factors of the wired or wireless communication link of interest. Different applications require different levels of latency. In simpler terms, latency refers to how quick the data is transferred from the source (or the sender) to the destination (or the receiver). Latency takes the unit of time. Link speeds are often specified in milliseconds (ms), microseconds (µs), nanoseconds (ns) and so on.Latency Is a Quality-of-Service ParameterNumeric example of latencyLet us look into an example ... Read More
Overview of Modulation in Wireless CommunicationsLike bidding in auction, telecom service providers also auction frequency bands. Huge investments are made while bidding even smaller bands- say a few megahertz. Bands in the very basic sense mean the 'air' around us. Air is a wireless ‘channel’/ ‘transmission medium’ that carries our data confined the electric and magnetic fields of the electromagnetic waves.Therefore, bands mean the frequency ranges over which each service provider renders services to its subscribers. Since a huge amount of money is invested, effective utilization needs to be ensured. Technically, we need to use 'effective modulation techniques' for this ... Read More
Definition of spectrumSpectrum refers to the entire range of frequencies right from the starting frequency (the lowest frequency) to the ending frequency (the highest frequency). Spectrum basically refers to the entire group of frequencies.Example of spectrum- Electromagnetic SpectrumThe electromagnetic spectrum is one good example. The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum covers frequencies right from zero (DC) to gamma band frequencies. This spectrum includes the human voice frequency band (audio band), ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical) band and optical frequency bands.Numeric example- Microwave radiation spectrumMicrowave radiations span in frequency from 300 MHz to 300 GHz. What is the spectrum of microwave radiation?Spectrum refers to ... Read More
A wireless communication link is specified or characterized in terms of some performance metrics. We call these performance metrics as 'Quality of Service' (QoS) metrics or parameters. Some of the major QoS parameters include bandwidth, throughput, jitter, latency and bit error rate.Bandwidth and Throughput – Key TermsBandwidth is a popular term used in the context of both networking and communications. In networking, the bandwidth is specified using bps (bits per second), kbps (kilobits per second), Mbps (Megabits per second) and so on.In communications, bandwidth is measured in the unit kHz (kilo Hertz), MHz (Mega Hertz), GHz (Giga Hertz) and so ... Read More
Running an application in production for live customers is very different from running it when you are developing it on your local machine. In production, your application is hosted on a server which has very different configurations and specifications than your computer. Various services that your application talks to, such as databases or external APIs change for production.By letting the application know which environment it’s running, you can vary the application’s behavior. ASP.NET Core makes it easy to manage various environments effortlessly. You can configure different configuration settings for different environments, and tweak them without having to recompile the application. ... Read More
During the development of an application, and even after it’s built, you often need to change various settings that control how the application behaves. Configuration refers to the external values that control an application's behavior, consisting of settings and parameters that the application uses at runtime.The best practice regarding storing configuration values is outside the application, instead of hard-coding them in the source code. You don’t want to recompile and restart the application every time you make a change to the configuration. There are also security implications. You don’t want to store the database connection strings or passwords in the ... Read More
Background tasks, also called as jobs, are essentially services that aren’t meant to execute during a normal flow of the application, such as sending email confirmations or periodically cleaning up the database to purge the inactive accounts. These jobs are not meant to interact with the customers or process user input. Rather, they run in the background, handling items from a queue or executing a long-running process.A primary advantage of performing these tasks in a background job or service, you can keep the application responsive. For example, when a user signs up, instead of sending them an email in the ... Read More
In typical web applications, the communication flow is one-way, i.e. from client to the server. The client initiates a request to the server, the server performs some task, and sends the response to the client.SignalR is an open-source project that enables real-time, bi-directional web communication from server to clients. Using SignalR, you can write server-side code that can communicate with the clients instantly.SignalR simplifies the process of adding real-time web functionality to web applications, where the server code pushes content to connected clients as soon as it becomes available. This frees the clients from repeatedly polling the server, and having ... Read More
When building or using web applications, it’s very common to run into errors. Hence it’s important to configure error handling for your web application and handle the errors gracefully to provide a suitable response to the user. This improves the usability of your application as well as makes it robust.There are many different errors that can happen in a normal application flow. However, the two important types of errors are exceptions and error status codes, e.g. 404, 502. Exceptions occur when the app runs into an unexpected circumstance. A very common example of an exception is the notorious NullReferenceException, which ... Read More
Static files refer to content such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and images that are served directly to the users without any dynamic computation.In ASP.NET Core, the web root directory holds the static files. By default, it is the {content root}/wwwroot directory, but you can change it using the UseWebRoot() method.In the Program class, the CreateDefaultBuilder() method initializes the content root.public class Program{ public static void Main(string[] args){ CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run(); } public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) => Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>{ webBuilder.UseStartup(); ... Read More