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What is Regeneration? Every organism either a plant or an animal has a natural ability to grow and regenerate to a variable extent. This includes an example that every day millions of cells die and for us to survive we need to replace them with new and healthy cells. Similarly, in a plant, if we cut a shoot or its part or perform cloning it will regrow itself. It is due to the meristem cells an organism produces new cells of the same type as well as different types which differentiates to form a specialized tissue, cells, organs, and even ... Read More
Introduction Normally our immune system shows a response towards the foreign antigen and does not act against self-antigens. This phenomenon is known as self-tolerance. It refers to the lack of responsiveness to the individual’s self-antigens. Hence tolerance is antigen-specific. Immune Response Immune tolerance or immunological tolerance is the state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to the substances or tissues that are capable to induce an immune response. It differs from the conventional methods of immune-mediated elimination of foreign antigens. Due to random genetic recombinations, immune cells genetically express receptors for the specific self and foreign antigens in the ... Read More
Introduction Biofilters and Bioscrubbers are the two biotechnology systems that help in controlling air pollution and odor control. Here we use biological organisms for the removal of toxins as the harmful gases and odors caused by the activities of the industries and enterprises pose a great threat to human and environmental health. How Biological Control Systems Take Out the Odor? Typically, all the biological systems use naturally occurring bacteria that feed on odor-producing substances as a food choice. Some of the bacteria are listed below Acidophilus bacteria are primarily used for the removal of H2S odor. Specific bacteria ... Read More
Sterilization is a crucial process in the healthcare industry, food processing, and other related fields. It is a process that eliminates or kills all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and spores. Two common types of sterilizers are the autoclave and dry heat sterilizer. Although both sterilizers aim to eliminate microbes, they differ in several ways. This essay examines the difference between an autoclave and a dry heat sterilizer. What is an Autoclave? An autoclave is a type of sterilizer that uses steam and pressure to sterilize equipment, surgical instruments, and medical devices. It is a highly effective ... Read More
Armadillos and pangolins are often confused with one another since they both have a tough outer covering. Due to their similar habits and diet, they are frequently lumped together with anteaters. Physical appearance, environment, taxonomy, behaviour, and reproduction are all key areas where these two animals diverge significantly. What is Armadillo? These placental mammals, whose name means "small armored on, " includes 21 living species and nine extinct ones. All armadillo species are endemic to the Americas and are classified in the cingulate order of the Xenarthra superorder. There are 21 species with varying sizes, according to the Integrated Taxonomic ... Read More
It's reasonable that anaplasia and dysplasia may be mistaken with one another given that both involve abnormal cell development. These are terminology used in pathology that describe microscopic features of tissue cells. They are frequently linked to the development of cancer. The lines between them are fuzzy and hard to draw. Cellular anaplasia is characterised by a lack of proper differentiation. Similar to how cancer is described as uncontrolled cell proliferation, dysplasia is aberrant cell development or growth. To determine the distinctions between these medical words, a pathologist must depend on his or her training and expertise. Cells that have ... Read More
Introduction Our immune system produces a nearly infinite number of lymphocytes and each of these expresses unique antigen-specific receptors on its cell membrane. These receptors are encoded by the random re-arrangement of pre-existing gene segments. Antigen-specific receptors are usually generated in the early development stages of lymphocytes which is prior to the encounter with the specific antigens. These antigen-specific receptors on the T-cells are called TCR and on B cells called BCR. These lymphocyte receptors when encounters a specific antigen, get stimulated and undergo proliferation to produce the clone of specific lymphocytes, and at last these get differentiated into effector ... Read More
Air and oxygen are two different things that are often confused. Although they both are related to breathing, they have distinct differences. In this essay, we will discuss the differences between air and oxygen. What is Air? Firstly, air is a mixture of several gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. It is composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and the remaining 1% is carbon dioxide and other gases. Air is essential for life as it provides oxygen to the body which is necessary for breathing. In addition, air also plays a crucial role in regulating the temperature and ... Read More
Calories are a unit of measurement used to quantify the energy content of food and the amount of energy expended by the body during physical activity. There are two types of calories: active calories and total calories. Active calories and total calories are different and serve different purposes. Understanding the difference between the two can help individuals better manage their weight, fitness goals, and overall health. What are Active Calories? Active calories are calories burned during physical activity. This includes activities such as walking, running, cycling, swimming, and any other form of exercise that raises the heart rate and burns ... Read More
Acetone and xylene are two organic solvents commonly used in various industrial and scientific applications. They differ in their chemical structure, physical properties, and uses. In this essay, we will discuss the difference between acetone and xylene. What is Acetone? Acetone is considered to be one of the ketone molecules which has the formula of C3H6O or CH3COCH3. Properties − Acetone is commonly present as a colorless liquid substance which also has a molecule weight of about 58.08 g/mol. The smell of acetone is quite distinctive to most people since it smells a lot like fruit. It is also a ... Read More