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Given are the two integer variables, a and b. To calculate the sum without using any arithmetic operators such as + or -. We can achieve this by using bitwise operations, which allow us to calculate the sum. Here, we have some approaches in C and C++ to solve this problem as follows: Sum of Two Integers Using Bitwise XOR Sum of Two Integers Using Vector Sum of Two Integers Using malloc() and free() Sum of Two Integers Using Bitwise XOR (^) To perform the sum ... Read More
In Python, the __init__.py is a special file in python packages. It is used to indicate that how a directory should be treated. When Python encounters a directory during an import, first it looks for the __init__.py file to determine how to initialize the package and what code should be executed during the import. In python 3.3 version, the __init__.py was introduced with the feature of creating a package with the namespace. Let's understand the purpose of the __init__.py file - It makes the directory a Python package so the interpreter can find the module ... Read More
No, there isn't a direct equivalent to PHP's autoloader in Python and you don't need one also. To be specific, PHP needs autoloaders for the following reasons - For each web request to start a fresh PHP process. To load all the code from scratch for every request. For optimization by loading classes only when required . To avoid loading unnecessary files which improves performance. In contrast, Python doesn't require autoloaders as files are not reread every time, and if you import ... Read More
In the 0-1 knapsack problem, a set of items is given, each with a weight and a value. We need to determine the number of each item to include in a collection so that the total weight is less than or equal to the given limit and the total value is as large as possible. In this article, we will discuss how to solve the 0-1 knapsack problem using dynamic programming. Dynamic Programming is a technique where we solve problems by breaking them into smaller sub-problems. If a subproblem is solved multiple times, DP stores the results so that we ... Read More
In the 0-1 knapsack problem, a set of items is given, each with a weight and a value. We need to determine the number of each item to include in a collection so that the total weight is less than or equal to the given limit and the total value is as large as possible.ExampleThe following example explains the 0-1 knapsack problem: Input: Weights: 1 2 3 6 7 4 Values: 10 20 25 40 60 70 Max Weight Capacity: 7 Output: Maximum value: 100 Here is an explanation of the above example: Weights: ... Read More
JSON is used in Java applications in APIs, file storage, and data communication between systems. Sometimes, we need to convert a list into a JSON array. In this article, we will learn how to convert a list to JSON array using the Jackson library. Jackson Library It is a library that is used in Java to work with JSON data. It provides APIs to serialize Java objects into JSON and deserialize JSON back into Java objects. If you want to read more about the Jackson library, you can refer Jackson library. There are mainly three components of Jackson - ... Read More
In C++, fabs is used to calculate the absolute value of a floating-point number. It is a function and defined to a header file. The fab() FunctionThis fabs() function accepts one argument, which is a floating-point number (double, float, or long double), and returns its absolute value as a floating-point number of the same type. Syntax Following is the syntax to fabs() function: double fabs(double x); The fabs() function is mostly used when we need to find the non-negative magnitude of a number. Using fabs() with positive and negative values Here, we will demonstrate how fabs() handles ... Read More
We can find the sum of leaf nodes in a binary tree using an iterative and a recursive approach. This problem has many real-life applications, such as analyzing hierarchies, calculating final results in decision trees, or summing final nodes in various kinds of trees used in computer algorithms. In this article, we are going to learn how can find the sum of all leaf nodes in a binary tree in the C++ language. What are Leaf Nodes in a Binary Tree? The leaf nodes of a binary tree are the nodes that do not have any children. Both the ... Read More
In this problem, we have to remove certain items from arrays; this removal of array items needs to be done in a recursive manner for nested arrays. Lodash is a popular JavaScript library that helps us achieve this easily. What is lodash? Lodash is a popular JavaScript library used to deal with arrays, objects, and other data structures with ease. It has many helper functions such as map, filter, and invoke as well as function binding, JavaScript templating, deep equality checks, creating indexes, and much more. Problem Description We are given an array, and we have to remove an item ... Read More
The unary operators are operators that operate only on a single operand. There are mainly thirteen unary operators in C++, for example, ++, !, ~, typeof, delete, etc.Overloading a unary operator means setting a customized behaviour for the unary operators for the objects of a class. which means you can define how an operator will work when applied to instances of a class instead of using its default behavior. This operator is generally used on the left side of the object, as in +obj, !obj, -obj, and ++obj, but can also be used as a postfix like obj++ or obj--. So, ... Read More