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Decimal numbers are the set of numbers with base 10, whereas binary numbers are the numbers with base 2. In this article, we will learn how to convert a decimal number to a binary number using stack data structure in C++ program. First of all, let's understand how decimal to binary conversion technique works. Decimal to Binary Conversion Technique To convert a decimal number to a binary number follow the steps below: Divide the decimal number by 2 Save the reminder (either 1 or 0) in a place. ... Read More
In C++, constructer is a special member function used to initialize objects. However, the constructor may encounter a scenario where it can't successfully initialize an object. For example, failing to allocate memory or open a necessary file. In such a scenario, throwing an exception from a constructor is the appropriate way to signal failure (where the constructor is unable to perfectly initialize an object). Why Throw Exception from Constructors? If it fails to create an object. It's important to prevent the use of partially constructed objects. Throwing an exception allows us to: Signal an error ... Read More
Fermat's Little theorem states that if 'p' is a prime number and 'a' is an integer that is not divisible by p, then a^(p-1) ≡ 1 modulo p or a^(p-1) mod p = 1. We will use Fermat's Little theorem to test whether the given number is a prime number or not. In this article, we have a number num and a given number of iterations itr. Our task is to implement a primality test for the given number using Fermat's theorem in C++. Steps to Perform Fermat Primality Test The steps to perform Fermat's Primality test are as ... Read More
In Python, the declarations within a class are not equivalent to those within the __init__() method. Let's discuss the class and __init__() method. A class is a collection of objects. It contains the blueprints or the prototype from which the objects are being created. It is a logical entity that contains some attributes and methods. Python '__init__()' The Python __init__() function is one of the OOP's concepts. The __init__() is called automatically whenever the object is been created to a class. The __init__() function is also known as a constructor. Constructors are used to initialize ... Read More
In Python, when a class is derived from more than one super-class or base class, it is known as multiple inheritance. Following is the syntax of multiple inheritance in Python - class Super1: pass class Super2: pass class MultiDerived(Super1, Super2): pass Example ofMultiple Inheritance Let's understand multiple inheritance with the following example. Here, we have created two superclasses or base classes, i.e., Superclass1 and Superclass2, and the derived class is the child class. We then create an object Obj_1 of the child class to call its methods as ... Read More
The update method is one of the methods of the dictionary data structure. It is used to update the values in the already created dictionary, which means it adds a new key-value pair to the dictionary. The updated key and value will be updated at the last. Python update() Method in Dictionary The dictionary is represented by curly braces{}. The dictionary contains key and value pairs, collectively called items, which can accept any data type of elements as values. It is mutable, which means once the dictionary is created, we can apply the changes. It has key-value pairs separated by ... Read More
What is Python Tuple? A tuple in Python is an ordered collection of items that cannot be changed once, making it immutable. A tuple allows duplicate values and can hold elements of different data types, such as strings, numbers, other tuples, and more. This makes tuples useful for grouping related data while determining that the content remains fixed and unchanged. Subtracting Tuples from Tuples in Python To subtract a tuple of tuples from a tuple in Python, we can use a loop or comprehension to filter out elements. Since tuples are immutable and don't support direct subtraction, convert the main ... Read More
What is Python Tuple? A tuple in Python is an ordered collection of items that cannot be changed once defined, making it immutable. A tuple allows duplicate values and can hold elements of different data types, such as strings, numbers, other tuples, and more. This makes tuples useful for grouping related data while the content remains fixed and unchanged. Multiple Tuples in Python Multiple tuples organize complex information hierarchically, and these are useful for returning multiple values, iterating over grouped values. In Python, we can create multiple tuples by - ... Read More
A tuple in Python is an ordered collection of items that cannot be changed once, making it immutable. This allows duplicate values and can hold elements of different data types, such as strings, numbers, other tuples, and more. This makes tuples useful for grouping related data while determining the content remains fixed and unchanged. What is Canonical Way? In programming, "canonical" refers to the standard, widely accepted, or recommended way approach to accomplishing a task. It determines with best practices and this is favored by the community or official documentation. In Python, performing a task canonically means using the most ... Read More
In Java, covariant return types allow an overriding method to return a subtype of the supertype. Here, the return type of the parent class is called the supertype, and the return type of the child class is known as the subtype, if and only if it is a subclass of the parent class's return type. Sounds confusing, right? Well! It is not as confusing as it sounds. Read the whole article to understand this concept. Java Covariant Return Types Covariant return type refers to the return type of an overriding method. It works only for non-primitive return types, such as Classes, Arrays, ... Read More