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Two commonly used functions from the Python time module are time.time() and time.clock(). Each function provides a different purpose and returns different values depending on the platform (Windows vs. Unix). In Python 3.8, time.clock() was removed, so time.perf_counter() or time.process_time() are generally preferred over the older time.clock() for specific CPU time measurements. The time.clock() was designed for measuring process CPU time, while time.time() measures wall-clock time. The time.time() is more accurate for measuring overall elapsed time ( the duration of time that has passed between two specific points in time). Measuring Elapsed Time with time.time() The time.time() function returns the number of ... Read More
In this article, we will learn to add a new list element under a "" using jQuery. jQuery is a popular JavaScript library that simplifies HTML manipulation, event handling, and animations. One of its practical applications is dynamically adding elements to a webpage without requiring a full page reload. Why Use jQuery? DOM (Document Object Model) updating using basic JavaScript might become difficult and needs more than one line of code. jQuery has simplified it through easy selectors and functions. Employing jQuery helps us − Select elements efficiently. Handle events seamlessly. ... Read More
Binary Tree traversal is a process of visiting all the nodes in a certain order. In this article, we will learn how to perform inorder non-recursive traversal of a binary tree using a stack in C++. What is Inorder Non-Recursive Traversal? Inorder traversal is a type of tree traversal, where we first visit the left subtree, then the root node, and then the right subtree. In a non-recursive approach, we are not allowed to use recursive functions to track nodes for traversing the tree. Instead, we can use an explicit stack data structure to track nodes and traverse through ... Read More
A dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs where, keys are unique and used to identify corresponding values in the dictionary. In this article, we will learn how to perform dictionary operations such as insertion, search, and traversal using a binary search tree (BST) in C++. What is BST? A binary search tree (BST) is a tree data structure, where each node has at most two children and follows two rules: the left subtree contains keys less than the node’s key, and the right subtree contains keys greater than the node’s key. This structure is same as how a ... Read More
To print the size of an array parameter in a function in C++, we will use the typeOf() operator. In this article, we have passed an array as an argument to the function. Our task is to print the size of this array in C++. Printing Size of Static Array Parameter When we pass an array as an argument of function in C++, it is considered as a pointer. The sizeOf() operator returns the size of the pointer, depending on the system(64-bit or 32-bit) rather than returning the size of the array. Here is a code example explaining this. ... Read More
The lifetime of a static variable in a C++ function exists till the program executes. We can say the lifetime of a static variable is the lifetime of the program. The static variable is a variable that is declared using the static keyword. The space for the static variable is allocated only one time, and this is used for the entirety of the program. In this article, we will understand the lifetime of the static variable and the reason behind its lifetime. Why do Static Variable Exists until program execution? A static variable is initialized ... Read More
In many real-world applications, timestamps are used to represent dates and times, but they are not human-readable. To make them understandable or use them in various datetime manipulations, it’s essential to convert them into Python’s datetime object. Python’s datetime module provides multiple functions to convert timestamps to datetime objects. Below are the various methods to accomplish this task - Using datetime.fromtimestamp() Function Using datetime.fromtimestamp() & strftime() Using datetime.strptime() Function Parsing Mixed Text Using strptime() Function Using datetime.fromtimestamp() Function To obtain a date ... Read More
The median is defined as the middle value of a sorted list of numbers, and the middle value is found by ordering the numbers in ascending order. Once the numbers are ordered, the middle value is called the median of the given data set. Here, in this article, we have two different sorted arrays and need to find the median of the array that is formed after merging of two given arrays. Median depends on the sorted merged array. So, the following cases may occur: If the length of the merged array is odd, then ... Read More
Pseudo-terminals (pty) are an advanced and powerful technique in Python when we are dealing with terminal-based processes or simulating interactive sessions programmatically. A pseudo-terminal allows a process to connect to a real terminal. Python provides a built-in pty module that helps in creating and managing these terminal pairs. In this article, we will learn how to open a new pseudo-terminal pair using Python. Using pty.openpty() The pty module in Python provides the openpty() function that returns a tuple containing file descriptors for the master and slave ends of a new pseudo-terminal pair. Example Following is an example, which shows ... Read More
When we open a file using the Python's built-in function open(), then the data temporarily stored in memory can be managed by setting the buffering parameter in the function. Buffering helps to improve the performance of opening a file by reducing the number of interactions with the disk during file input/output operations. Understanding the Buffering Parameter The buffering parameter in Python's open() function allows us to define how much data is stored in memory before being written to or read from the file. This buffering parameter is used to handle file operations with large data or frequent writes. Syntax Here ... Read More