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Yes, we can create a class without a name in Java using the anonymous class. It is a type of inner class which does not have a name and whose instance is created at the time of the creation of the class itself. You can create this class in a single statement using the new keyword. Creating multiple instances of this class is not allowed. You can use anonymous classes in case where you need to override methods of a class or an interface for a one-time use, and you don't want to create a separate named class for it. ... Read More
The general meaning of immutable is something that cannot be changed or modified after creation. In Java, a string is immutable; we cannot change the object itself, but we can change the reference to the object. The string is made final to not allow others to extend and modify it. When you modify a string, a new copy of the string with your modifications is created. This article will explain what a String is and why it is immutable and final in Java. What is a String? Like other object-oriented programming languages, almost every component of Java is an object, ... Read More
Using "except" Clause with Multiple Exceptions It is possible to define multiple exceptions with the same except clause. It means that if the Python interpreter finds a matching exception, then it will execute the code written under the except clause. Syntax In general, the syntax for multiple exceptions is as follows - Except(Exception1, Exception2, …ExceptionN) as e: When we define the except clause in this way, we expect the same code to throw different exceptions. Also, we want to take action in each case. Example In this example, we are trying to add an integer and a string, which is not ... Read More
In Python, instead of writing separate except blocks for each exception, you can handle multiple exceptions together in a single except block by specifying them as a tuple. In this example, we are catching both ValueError and TypeError using a single except block - try: x = int("abc") # Raises ValueError y = x + "5" # Would raise TypeError if above line did not error except (ValueError, TypeError) as e: print("Caught an exception:", e) The above program will generate the following error ... Read More
RuntimeErrors in Python are a type of built-in exception that occurs during the execution of a program. They usually indicate a problem that arises during runtime and is not necessarily syntax-related or caused by external factors.When an error is detected, and that error doesn't fall into any other specific category of exceptions (or errors), Python throws a runtime error. Raising a RuntimeError manuallyTypically, a Runtime Error will be generated implicitly. But we can raise a custom runtime error manually, using the raise statement. ExampleIn this example, we are purposely raising a RuntimeError using the raise statement to indicate an unexpected condition in ... Read More
A Python dictionary is an unordered collection of data values. It contains a key-value pair, in contrast to other data structures that only include one value per entry. In this article, we are going to see the various ways to print all the keys of a dictionary in Python. Using dict.keys() Method Python's dict.keys() method can be used to retrieve the dictionary keys, which can be printed using the print() function. This method returns a list object, which contains every key in the dictionary. The dictionary elements can be accessed using the dict.keys() method, just like we do with a list ... Read More
We usually write programs in Python and save the file with .py extension. However, there is another file type called .pyc, which is automatically generated by the Python interpreter while executing the source code. What is a .pyc File? When you execute a Python program, the Python interpreter doesn't directly execute the .py file; instead, it parses the source code, compiles it into bytecode(a low-level representation of the Python source code), and stores it as the .pyc file. Further, this bytecode is executed with the Python Virtual Machine (PVM). A .pyc file is usually created when a Python program is ... Read More
In this article, we'll show how to write a C++ program to copy strings. A string in C++ is a sequence of characters, such as letters, numbers, symbols, or anything enclosed in double quotes (e.g., "Hello"). Copying a string means transferring all characters from one string to another or making an exact copy. For example, here's how copying works: Input: "Learning C++ is fun!" Output: "Learning C++ is fun!" (This is the copied string) We can copy a string in C++ using the following methods: Using strcpy() Function ... Read More
In this article, we'll show you how to write a C++ program to find the factorial of a number using an iterative approach. The factorial of a number is the result of multiplying all the positive integers from 1 to that number. It is written as n! and is commonly used in mathematics and programming. Let's understand this with a few examples: //Example 1 Input: 5 The factorial of 5 is: 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 = 120 Output: 120 //Example 2 Input: 6 The factorial of 6 is: 6 * 5 * 4 ... Read More
In this article, we'll show you how to write a C++ program to access elements of an array using pointer. A pointer is a variable that holds the memory address of another variable, allowing us to reference it directly. In other words, pointers point to a memory location and obtaining the value stored at that location is called dereferencing the pointer. By using pointers, we can access and work with array elements through their memory addresses. Let's look at a simple example: Input: An array: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50] // We'll use a pointer to access ... Read More