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Managing hidden files and folders in a directory is an essential part of building cleanup scripts or automation tools. On Windows, hidden files are not prefixed with a dot but instead they are marked using specific file attributes. In this article, we will explore how to remove those hidden files and directories programatically using Python. Filtering by Dot Prefix (Unix/Linux/macOS) On Unix-based systems, the files or folders starting with a dot "." are considered hidden. We can use this naming pattern to filter and remove hidden files. Here is an example of removing the hidden files and directories present in ... Read More
The site-packages directory in python, is the place where third-party libraries and packages are installed. Knowning the site-packeges location is useful for debugging, verifying installations or inspecting package contents. This directory may vary depending on our operating system, Python version or based on the virtual environment we are using. In this article, we are going to explore the different ways to find the location of site packages directory in our working environments. Using site.getsitepackages() The getsitepackages() function of the site module, returns a list of global site-packages directories. This method may not work inside virtual environments and could be unavailable ... Read More
We can easily check the Odd or Even by using conditional statements. We can divide the number by 2, then check whether the remainder is 0 or not. If 0, then it is even. We can also perform the AND operation with the number and 1. If the answer is 0, then it is even; otherwise odd. There is no need to use conditional statements in both approaches. We will see two different methods to check the odd or even. Using Modulo Operator This approach uses the Modulo Operator ... Read More
A portable method of interacting with the operating system is offered through the OS Python Module. This module is a part of the default Python library, which contains tools for locating and modifying the working directory. When we are working in the Python shell or scripting environment, it's important to know which directory we're currently working in. This is known as the current working directory. We can change the current working directory to navigate our file system programmatically. In this article, we will see how to change the current working directory in the Python shell. Getting the current working directory ... Read More
The auto keyword in C++ is used to automatically determine the type of variables from their initializer. This means you don’t need to explicitly tell the compiler the variable's data type. It lets the compiler determine the variable's type during compile time.C++ auto KeywordAuto was a keyword that C++ "inherited" from C that had been there nearly forever, but virtually never used. All this changed with the introduction of auto to do type deduction from the context in C++11. Before C++ 11, each data type needs to be explicitly declared at compile time, limiting the values of an expression at ... Read More
The extern storage class specifier lets you declare objects that several source files can use.What is Extern Storage Class in C++?The extern storage class in C++ is used to declare an object (global variable or function) that can be accessed by multiple source files. When a variable is declared with extern, it tells the compiler that the variable or function exists in another file (or later in the same file) and that memory is not allocated at the point of declaration. Syntax Here is the following syntax for the extern storage class in C++. Here, it's a declaration, but no ... Read More
The array operator provides the direct access to array elements using their index. What is Array Operator in C++? The arrow operator in C++ is also known as the member access operator, which is used to access a member of a class, structure, or union with the help of a pointer to an object. The arrow operator allows you to directly access the member, unlike the dot operator, which first dereferences the pointer and then uses the dot operator to access it. So instead of using (*pointer).member, you can directly use pointer->member. Syntax Here is the syntax to access array ... Read More
A class in C++ has the following access modifiers: public, private, and protected, which contain the corresponding class members. The protected members in a class are similar to private members as they cannot be accessed from outside the class, but they can be accessed by derived classes or child classes, while private members cannot. In this article, we will see various examples of how to access protected members in C++ and how it is different from private members. Accessing Protected Variable in C++ In this example, we have initialized a protected variable value in the parent class. We ... Read More
An array arr[i] is interpreted as *(arr+i). Here, arr denotes the address of the first array element or the 0th index element. So *(arr+i) means the element is at i distance from the first element of the array. So, array index starts from 0 as initially i is 0 which means the first element of the array. In this article, we will see an example of C and C++ code to understand the reason why an array starts from index 0. Why Array Index Starts from Zero? The array index starts from zero as it provides better efficiency and ... Read More
In C++, both structures (struct) and classes (class) are user-defined data types, where they both give access to group different data elements (variables) and functions together. However, they still possess a few differences between them. In this article, we will see and go through its differences. Structure (struct) The struct is a user-defined data type, which allows the grouping of variables of different data types, with the members being public by default. This is commonly used to represent simple data structures, where encapsulation is not necessary. A struct can contain data members and member functions, but its primary use is ... Read More