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What is meant by dispersion of white light? Describe the formation of rainbow in the sky with the help of a diagram.
The phenomenon of splitting white light into its components colours (violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red) while passing through a transparent medium like glass prism is known as the dispersion of light.
Process of the formation of the rainbow in the sky.
When the sun is shining and it's raining at the same time, then a rainbow is formed in the sky due to the dispersion of white sunlight by millions of raindrops (or, water droplets) in the atmosphere. Each raindrop behaves like a tiny glass prism that splits the white light into a spectrum (different colours). Different coloured rays present in white light are refracted or bend at different angles on passing through the water droplets. Thus the white light gets separated into a natural spectrum of seven colours, namely, violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red (VIBGYOR). The diagram given below supports the above explanation and gives a clear picture of the formation of a rainbow.
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