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(a) What is meant by dialysis ? What type of patients are put on dialysis ?
(b) Explain the principle of dialysis with the help of a labelled diagram.
(a) Dialysis is a treatment or process that filters and purifies the blood using a machine. Patients suffering from kidney failure are put on dialysis.
(b) Principal of dialysis: The procedure of Dialysis is based on the principle of diffusion and ultrafiltration of fluid across a semipermeable membrane. In dialysis, the blood from a convenient artery in the patient's arm is made to flow into the dialyser of a dialysis machine made of long tubes of selectively permeable membrane (like cellulose) which are coiled in a tank containing dialysing solution. The dialyzing solution contains water, glucose and salts, which are similar in concentration to those in normal blood. The porous membrane of the tube allows the passage of molecules based on the concentration gradient. As the patient's blood passes through the dialysing solution most of the waste like urea present in it passes through the selectively permeable cellulose tubes into the dialysing solution. The clean blood is pumped back to the body through a vein of the patient's arm.
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